Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2019
Forfattere
Lars T. HavstadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Hanno Sandvik Olga Hilmo Anders Gravbrøt Finstad Hanne Hegre Toril Loennechen Moen Trond Rafoss Olav Skarpaas Reidar Elven Helge Sandmark Lisbeth GederaasSammendrag
The Generic Ecological Impact Assessment of Alien Species (GEIAA) is described. It comprises a set of criteria and an assessment procedure. The set of criteria consists of three criteria that quantify invasion potential, and six criteria that capture the ecological effects of alien species. The threshold values for all criteria are numerically defined, rendering the set of criteria fully quantitative. Genericity is ensured by using criteria that are applicable to all taxonomic groups and in all habitats. In being generic, quantitative, ecological and normatively neutral, the criteria were inspired by the international Red List criteria. Capturing both invasion potential and effect, GEIAA can be regarded as a full ecological impact assessment. The assessment procedure contains guidelines on documentation, the collection of background information, the handling of uncertainty, and quality assurance. GEIAA represents the second revision, and thus the third generation, of assessment methodology in Norway. It has recently been used to carry out more than 2500 impact assessments of alien species in Norway and Sweden.
Forfattere
Cornelya Klutsch Simo Maduna Natalia Polikarpova Kristin Forfang Paul Eric Aspholm Tommi Nyman Hans Geir Eiken Per-Arne Amundsen Snorre HagenSammendrag
Habitat discontinuity, anthropogenic disturbance, and overharvesting have led to population fragmentation and decline worldwide. Preservation of remaining natural genetic diversity is crucial to avoid continued genetic erosion. Brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) is an ideal model species for studying anthropogenic influences on genetic integrity, as it has experienced significant genetic alterations throughout its natural distribution range due to habitat fragmentation, overexploitation, translocations, and stocking. The Pasvik River is a subarctic riverine system shared between Norway, Russia, and Finland, subdivided by seven hydroelectric power dams that destroyed about 70% of natural spawning and nursing areas. Stocking is applied in certain river parts to support the natural brown trout population. Adjacent river segments with different management strategies (stocked vs. not stocked) facilitated the simultaneous assessment of genetic impacts of dams and stocking based on analyses of 16 short tandem repeat loci. Dams were expected to increase genetic differentiation between and reduce genetic diversity within river sections. Contrastingly, stocking was predicted to promote genetic homogenization and diversity, but also potentially lead to loss of private alleles and to genetic erosion. Our results showed comparatively low heterozygosity and clear genetic differentiation between adjacent sections in nonstocked river parts, indicating that dams prevent migration and contribute to genetic isolation and loss of genetic diversity. Furthermore, genetic differentiation was low and heterozygosity relatively high across stocked sections. However, in stocked river sections, we found signatures of recent bottlenecks and reductions in private alleles, indicating that only a subset of individuals contributes to reproduction, potentially leading to divergence away from the natural genetic state. Taken together, these results indicate that stocking counteracts the negative fragmentation effects of dams, but also that stocking practices should be planned carefully in order to ensure long‐term preservation of natural genetic diversity and integrity in brown trout and other species in regulated river systems.
Forfattere
Paul Eric Aspholm Victoria Gonzalez Julia Schregel Siv Grethe Aarnes Cornelya Klutsch Anne WikanSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Cornelya KlutschSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
A complete diallel cross was made among nine Betula pendula trees growing in a natural population and a trial was planted on agricultural soil at one site. This exceptional trial has provided estimates of genetic parameters that can only be estimated in complete diallels. Traits measured were height and diameter during a period of 37 years, and assessments were made of bud burst, leaf abscission and rust infection at the early ages. All traits showed genetic variation and the variance components of general combining ability (GCA) effects were dominating, with heritability estimates of 0.16 and 0.23 for height and diameter at age six years. The best-growing families could be identified at that age. At age 37 years, when the trial had been thinned twice, the offspring from the highest and lowest ranked parent for growth contributed with 19% and 6% of the total volume of the stand, respectively. The GCA effects were also highly significant for the assessment traits, but with an interaction with year for bud burst. High values of estimates of genetic correlations proved that bud burst, leaf abscission and rust infection are interrelated, and also to some extent with growth traits. Families with an early bud burst were tallest, were less affected by the rust fungus and kept their leaves later in the autumn.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Lindsay K Newbold Alex Robinson Ilze Rasnaca Elma Lahive Gweon H Soon Emmanuel Lapied Deborah H Oughton Sergey Gashchak Nicholas A. Beresford David J. SpurgeonSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Arne N. Linløkken Ruben Alexander Pettersen Else Berit Stenseth Wenche Johansen Kirsten Frydenlund Robert C. WilsonSammendrag
Sammendrag Det ble samlet inn vevsprøver fra settefisk i Hunderfossen settefiskanlegg og fra settefisk (fettfinneklippet) gjenfanget i Vorma og fra villfisk fanget i Vorma. Det ble analysert på åtte mikrosatellitter i prøver fra til sammen 93 ørret. All settefisk var fra Hunderfossen, avlet av ville foreldre av Hunder/Lågen stammen. Generelt var den genetiske variasjonen høy med allelantall pr. locus (mikrosatellitt) varierende fra 5,75 til 9,50, og observert heterozygositet (HO) varierte fra 0,772 til 0,825, og observert heterozygositet var høyere enn forventet heterozygositet (HE = 0,694-0,780) i alle grupper. Resultatene tydet på at det er en egen ørretstamme i Vorma, og som sannsynligvis gyter i området nedenfor Svanfossen. Alder og lengde blant villfisken som ble analysert, viste betydelig variasjon i vekst, og det kan være flere subpopulasjoner representert i materialet. Noen har rask «innsjøvekst» som er vanlig i Mjøsa, og som også gjenfanget settefisk viste, mens andre hadde et annet vekstmønster. Det var for eksempel en vill ørret på åtte år som var 325 mm og en som var åtte år og 645 mm lang. Blant fem år gamle og eldre settefisk, var alle ≥ 400 mm. De genetiske analysene viste at villfisken skilte seg noe fra gjenfanget settefisk, og hadde for eksempel hele 15 private alleler. Settefisken fra fiskeanlegget skilte seg fra de andre gruppene, og hadde lavest genetisk variasjon, noe som kunne forventes ettersom den var av bare en årsklasse, basert på et begrenset antall foreldre. De gjenfangede settefiskene representerte til sammen seks årsklasser, som til sammen gav en genetisk variasjon litt mindre enn det som ble funnet for villfisk gruppa som bestod av åtte årsklasser. Beregnet effektiv populasjonsstørrelse var 12,5 til 495 fisk, og den var lavest blant settefisk fra fiskeanlegget. Det er naturlig ettersom fisken det ble tatt prøver av i anlegget var av samme alder/årsklasse, mens de andre gruppene bestod av seks til åtte aldersgrupper/årsklasser. Effektiv populasjonsstørrelse var størst i gruppen gjenfanget settefisk.
Forfattere
Anja Karine Ruud Jon Arne Dieseth Andrea Ficke Eiko Furuki Huyen T. T. Phan Richard P. Oliver Kar-Chun Tan Morten LillemoSammendrag
Parastagonospora nodorum is the causal agent of Septoria nodorum leaf blotch (SNB) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). It is the most important leaf blotch pathogen in Norwegian spring wheat. Several quantitative trait loci (QTL) for SNB susceptibility have been identified. Some of these QTL are the result of underlying gene-for-gene interactions involving necrotrophic effectors (NEs) and corresponding sensitivity (Snn) genes. A collection of diverse spring wheat lines was evaluated for SNB resistance and susceptibility over seven growing seasons in the field. In addition, wheat seedlings were inoculated and infiltrated with culture filtrates (CFs) from four single spore isolates and infiltrated with semipurified NEs (SnToxA, SnTox1, and SnTox3) under greenhouse conditions. In adult plants, the most stable SNB resistance QTL were located on chromosomes 2B, 2D, 4A, 4B, 5A, 6B, 7A, and 7B. The QTL on chromosome 2D was effective most years in the field. At the seedling stage, the most significant QTL after inoculation were located on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 3A, 4B, 5B, 6B, 7A, and 7B. The QTL on chromosomes 3A and 6B were significant both after inoculation and CF infiltration, indicating the presence of novel NE–Snn interactions. The QTL on chromosomes 4B and 7A were significant in both seedlings and adult plants. Correlations between SnToxA sensitivity and disease severity in the field were significant. To our knowledge, this is the first genome-wide association mapping study (GWAS) to investigate SNB resistance at the adult plant stage under field conditions.