Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2020
Forfattere
Anne Falk ØgaardSammendrag
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Forfattere
Natasha Sant´Anna IwanickiSammendrag
Biological control of pests is a growing market in the world. It is expected that the use entomopathogenic fungi to control pests will take an important share of this market. Most fungal products in the world are based on aerial conidia produced by solid fermentation using cereal grains. An alternative for aerial conidia is the use of blastospores, yeast-like hydrophilic cells that can be produced in large amounts by liquid fermentation in a short time (<4 days), in a small space and with low hand labor compared to the solid fermentation method. Therefore, the main objectives of the present studies were first to optimize a liquid culture medium for low cost production of Metarhizium blastopores; second: to assess the bioactivity of air-dried blastospores against the cattle-tick Rhipicephalus microplus and the corn-leafhopper Dalbulus maidis; third: to develop an air-dried and spray-dried Metarhizium blastospore formulation with bioactivity against the corn-leafhopper D. maidis; fourth: to improve the shelf-life of the best air-dried and spray-dried formulations stored in refrigerated (± 4°C) and in ambient conditions (28°C) using oxygen and moistures absorbrs or vacuum and fifth: to use comparative genome-wide transcriptome analyses to determine changes in gene expression between the filamentous and blastospore growth phases in vitro to characterize physiological changes and metabolic signatures associated with M. anisopliae and M. rileyi dimorphism. We showed that blastospore production of Metarhizium is isolate- and species-dependent.Glucose-enriched cultures inoculated with pre-cultures improved yields reaching optimal growth for Metarhizium robertsii ESALQ1426 (5.9 × 108 blastospores/mL) within 2 d. We argue that both osmotic pressure, induced by high glucose titers, and isolate selection are critical to produce high yields of blastospores. [...]
Forfattere
Shumaila RasoolSammendrag
Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are well-studied natural enemies of insect and mite pests and several isolates with relatively broad host ranges have been developed as biological control agents. Besides their direct interaction with insect and mite hosts as pathogens, these fungi are also able to associate symbiotically with plants as endophytes, hence living inside plant tissues asymptomatically. Several species of EPF can be experimentally established as endophytes in a range of plant species, including important crops, causing growth promotion and affecting plant-herbivore interactions. The effects of these endophytes on insect herbivores have been widely studied, but the mechanisms behind the reported effects are not documented. The general absence of fungal propagule production in colonized plant tissues and lack of infection in insects feeding on endophytically colonized plants support the notion of antibiosis and feeding deterrence over direct infection by EPF endophytes. Moreover, plants colonized by EPF below-ground can lead to effects on herbivores above-ground, suggesting complex interactions between the two organisms, potentially mediated by changes in the physiological response of the plant. This thesis addresses the question of how EPF seed inoculations can alter plant physiology with a focus on modifications of the activities of key carbohydrate and antioxidant enzymes and profiles of specific plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) and evaluate the potential role of these compounds in plant-fungal-herbivore tripartite interactions. […]
Forfattere
Hege UlfengSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Hege UlfengSammendrag
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Forfattere
Hege UlfengSammendrag
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Forfattere
Trust Kasambala Richard Meadow Bishal K. Sitaula Ole Martin EkloSammendrag
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Forfattere
Kjetil FadnesSammendrag
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Forfattere
Jostein FrydenlundSammendrag
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