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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2009

Sammendrag

 Effekter av traktorvekt, pløyedybde og kjøremåte under pløying ble undersøkt på to jordarter i et økologisk vekstskifte. Forsøksbehandlingene hadde relativt liten effekt på avling (sv. skörd), men djup pløying var ofte best bl.a. fordi det reduserte mengden rotugras. Både pløying med hjulene i fåra og bruk av tyngre traktorer hadde uheldige (sv. olyckliga) virkninger på jordstrukturen. Dekkdimensjoner,hjulbelastning og dekktrykk bør kombineres på en slik måte at jordpakking unngåsi dypere jordlag.

Sammendrag

Growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees and nitrogen deposition were analysed at about 500 forest plots throughout Norway in six fiveyear periods from 1977 to 2006. Growth was calculated from five repeated calliper measurements of all trees during this period and using treering series from increment cores of a subsample of trees. From the growth data a `relative growth` variable was extracted, being the deviation in % between observed and expected growth rates. The expected growth was estimated from growth models based on site productivity, age and stand density at each plot. The plots were categorized into four age classes. The nitrogen deposition was estimated for each plot for the same five year periods by geographical interpolation of deposition observations at monitoring stations made by the Norwegian Institute for Air Research. Nitrogen deposition from 1977 to 2006 ranged from 1 to 24 kg/ha/yr at the study plots, with about 15 kg/ha/yr in the southernmost region and 3 kg/ha/yr in the northern region of Norway. For the entire 30year period we found a long term relationship between growth and nitrogen deposition, corresponding to a forest growth increase of 0.7% per kg total nitrogen deposition per hectare and year (r2 = 0.13). This is in line with studies carried out on other data sets and for shorter time periods. This apparent fertilizing effect was most pronounced for the youngest forest, while the effect was weak for the oldest forest. The growth increase was observed in the southernmost part of Norway, the region with the highest nitrogen deposition. However, the relationship between nitrogen deposition and growth varied considerably between the time periods. In two of the periods the relationship was slightly negative: these periods corresponded well with summer droughts occurring in the southernmost part of Norway. Drought, as well as other climatic factors, will influence the shortterm variations in forest growth and may obscure the fertilizing effect of nitrogen deposition in some periods. In conclusion, nitrogen deposition has most likely increased growth in Norway spruce in southern Norway. However, our study also shows that inferences from such correlative studies should be drawn with care if the growth period is shorter than 10–15 years because climatic factors produce temporal variations in the relationship between nitrogen deposition and forest growth.

Sammendrag

I årene fra 2004 til 2007 avtok kronetettheten for både gran, furu og bjørk etter en relativt stabil periode på slutten av 1990-tallet og en økning frem til år 2004. I 2008 ble det igjen registrert økende kronetetthet for alle treslagene. For kronefarge har tilstanden vært nokså stabil etter år 2000 med lite misfarging hos de undersøkte trærne. Kronetilstanden er betinget av en rekke faktorer og ulike stresspåvirkninger, slik som aldring, sjukdommer (eksempelvis ulike sopper), vekstbetingelser og klimastress (tørke og frost). Når trær skranter eller blir sjuke skyldes dette ofte et samspill av slike naturlige påvirkninger. De variasjonene vi har sett de siste årene skyldes ofte sopp- og insektskader som igjen er betinget av klimatiske forhold. Tilførsler av luftforurensninger kan komme i tillegg eller i samspill med disse påvirkningene. Bidraget fra forurensningene er vanskelig å fastslå fordi denne påvirkningen har vært svært liten i forhold til de andre påvirkningsfaktorene. I fremtiden vil eventuelle utslag av et endret klima trolig spille en større rolle. Resultater fra skogøkologiske undersøkelser viser at det er betydelige variasjoner fra år til år i enkelte målinger. Disse variasjonene ligger likevel innenfor det som er vanlig i boreal barskog.

2008

Sammendrag

I to veksthusforsøk ble hvete og havre sprayinokulert under blomstring med en enkelt eller en blanding av flere Fusarium arter. De artene som ble studert var F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. poae og F. langsethiae. Vi studerte i hvilken grad samspillet mellom artene påvirket etableringen og veksten av Fusarium, og også hvilken effekt dette hadde på mykotoksinproduksjonen.

Sammendrag

The ascigerous stage (formation of perithecia with viable ascospores) of Colletotrichum acutatum was recently reported to occur on fruits of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) in Norway. When 113 isolates of C. acutatum from various plant species were cultured on strawberry leaf agar, nine developed perithecia with viable ascospores. Four isolates originated from apple (Malus domestica) and one each from sweet cherry (Prunus avium), raspberry (Rubus idaeus), highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum), hollyberry cotoneaster (Cotoneaster bullatus), and northern dock (Rumex longifolius). Except from blueberry, we never detected the ascigerous stage on decaying fruits or any other parts of the above mentioned plant species. On potato dextrose agar, colour of the underside of the cultures forming perithecia varied from light grey-green to dark grey-green or dark brown-green. Colour of the upperside varied greatly, being dark grey-green, grey-brown, grey, and beige-pink, and only two of the isolates were beige-pink (the raspberry and blueberry isolates). Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of the isolates using six primer combinations resulted in 103 clear polymorphic bands. A dendrogram was constructed, and based on cluster analysis using genetic similarity, the isolates could be divided into several clusters. Eight of nine perithecia-forming isolates grouped together in the dendrogram, indicating genetical difference from other isolates. This was also supported by Principal Coordinate (PCO) analysis.

Til dokument

Sammendrag

Although the sulfonylurea herbicides have been used for many years worldwide, few field studies have been performed and little is known about the occurrence, fate and transport of sulfonylureas in the field. This report presents results from the first controlled field and laboratory-studies on the fate of sulfonylurea herbicides in Norway and a method for sample preparation and LC-MS/MS analysis of sulfonylurea herbicides in water samples is also presented.