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NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2010

Sammendrag

Hogstavfall er nøkkelen til økt satsing på bioenergi i Norge. Men vil dette påvirke bærekraften i skogøkosystemet og skogproduksjonen? Blir skogsjorda mer næringsfattig? Endres sammensetningen av arter i vegetasjonen? Vil artsmangfoldet bli redusert? Blir det mindre av de soppene som bryter ned planterester? Dette er noen av spørsmålene vi prøver å besvare gjennom prosjektet «Økologiske virkninger av økt biomasseuttak fra skog i Norge» (ECOBREM), som varer fra 2009 til 2013.

Sammendrag

  VKMs Panel on Plant Health gives the following main conclusions of the pest risk assessment: 1) The pest of concern is the oomycete Phytohthora fragariae Hickman. The PRA area is Norway. P. fragariae is present in at least five limited regions of the PRA area. These regions are located in the counties of i) Hedmark, ii) Aust-Agder and Vest-Agder, iii) Hordaland and Rogaland, iv) Vestfold, and v) Møre og Romsdal. It is probable that the pathogen is present at some places of production without having been detected yet. The pathogen is regulated as a quarantine pest in the PRA area. 2) With the current import regulations there is a medium probability of introduction of P. fragariae through import of infected Rubus plants for planting and a low probability of introduction through import of other consignments. However, there is little updated information available on the presence of the pathogen in different production systems, and there is only very limited evidence that the pathogen can spread by other means than strawberry plants. The level of uncertainty is therefore high. 3) Without the current import regulations there would be a very high probability of introduction through the import of non-certified strawberry plants. The level of uncertainty of this assessment is low. The probability of introduction through import of certified strawberry plants is considered low, but without detailed information on the presence/absence of the pathogen in such material the level of uncertainty is high. 4) With the current pest management procedures the probability of spread within the PRA area is medium for raspberry plants and machinery, other farm implements, footwear and animals. The probability of spread through other pathways ranges from low (legally traded, non-certified strawberry plants, seed potatoes, surface water, waterways and irrigation systems) to very low (remaining pathways). The level of uncertainty is low for certified strawberry plants and medium for legally traded, non-certified strawberry plants. Due to limited knowledge on the spread and survival of the pathogen, the level of uncertainty is high for all other pathways. 5) Without the current pest management procedures the probability of spread with strawberry plants within the PRA area would be very high. The probability of spread with raspberry plants would be high and the probability of spread with seed potatoes, machinery, other farm implements, footwear, animals, surface water, waterways and irrigation systems would be medium. The probability of spread through other pathways would range from low to very low. The level of uncertainty is low for strawberry plants, but due to limited knowledge on the spread and survival of the pathogen, the level of uncertainty is generally high for all other pathways. 6) All strawberry-growing areas in the whole PRA area are considered endangered areas.

Sammendrag

Plants are exposed to a variety of pathogens in their natural habitats. To understand the key processes of defense responses in aspen (Populus tremulae) at the transcript level two clones C72 and C23 with differential level of resistance from the SwAsp collection were inoculated with a foliar rust (Melampsora magnusiana Wagnar). Leaf samples were collected from adjacent areas of the inoculation site to examine the long distance (systemic) defense responses at day1, day3 and day14 post treatments. We performed microarray experiments on the biothrophic interaction, on comparison with the healthy controls we found that the two clones respond in a widely different fashion to the rust. Clone C23 showed almost no response to biotroph after 24 hours while clone 72 gave a clear defense response to the pathogen. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed a significant differential expression patterns in susceptible and resistant colnes. Chitinase, cinnamic acid reductase and the iaa genes showed signification up-regulation in resistant clone. The level of expression was 5.9 delta threshold cycles in chitinase gene at day14. Data analysis from extracted total phenolics and condensed tannins verify the results of cDNA arrays and qRT-PCR.

Sammendrag

The number of Bullfinches recorded on the offshore island of Helgoland (SE North Sea) in the autumn migration periods (late September to late December) from 1972 to 2009 are negatively correlated to the supply of rowanberries in Norway. Many Bullfinches only occurred, when this important winter food was scarce in Norway. As such correlation was found also for trapping sites at the Baltic Sea (Christiansø, Falsterbo), irruptively migratory behaviour of Scandinavian Bullfinches appears to act on a large geographical scale. This is underlined by the results of a linear model, showing that the occurrence of Bullfinches at Helgoland is best explained by trapping numbers in Falsterbo and their interaction with rowanberriy supply in Norway. Actually, not all invasions recorded at Falsterbo reach Helgoland, probably due to its situation far offshore: migrating passerines do not cross the German Bight in any weather situation, but instead often follow the coastline without touching Helgoland. It is stressed that data collected  unsystematically are appropriate for analyses of invasions.

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Sammendrag

Engkarse hører til den biologiske gruppen flerårig stedbundet med rotstokk. Den voksne planten er 20-45 cm høy. Stengelen er opprett, enkel eller greinet, stiv, innhul og glatt. Bladene er finnete, glatte eller svakt håret. Rosettbladene har rundaktige sidefinner og stor endefinne. Stengelbladene er smale, med avlange og for det meste helrandete finner. De lysfiolette blomstene sitter i enden av stengel og greiner, i halvskjermer som seinere strekker seg til lange klaser. Formeringen og spredningen skjer med frø og fra yngleknopper fra hjørnene av småbladene på de nederste bladene. Forekommer i grasmark, langs elver og bekker. Trives best på fuktig til vassjuk jord. Opptrer som ugras i eng og beite. Mottiltak: Grøfting og god engkultur er de viktigste. Dessuten kan ugrasmidler som inneholder fenoksysyrer/MCPA brukes tidlig om våren (april/mai) før planten blomstrer.

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Sammendrag

Englodnegras hører til den biologiske gruppen flerårig stedbundet med trevlerot. Den voksne planten er 40-100 cm høy. Hele planten er grålodden av fløyelsbløte hår. Strået er oppstigende ved basis, eller opprett og forholdsvis grovt. Bladene er 3-10 mm breie, 4-20 cm lange, avsmalnende til en fin spiss. Slirehinnen er 2-3 mm lang, hel eller tannet. Bladører mangler. Bladsliren har nedoverrettete hår, av og til fiolette, med langsgående striper. Blomstene sitter i topp, med korte, hårete greiner, som er relativt åpen under blomstringen, lysegrønn, rødlig eller fiolett. Formeringen og spredningen skjer utelukkende med frø. Planten vokser i mer eller mindre tette tuer. Forekommer i grasmark, åker, skog og avfallsplasser, dessuten i lynghei, fuktig strandeng og veikanter. Liker lett myrjord eller sandjord, men vokser på alle jordtyper. Planten er mest vanlig langs kysten.  Opptrer som ugras i eldre eng og beiter, og har i seinere tid også spredd seg mot indre strøk. Planten er et dårlig fôrgras, og kan utgjøre en ulempe ved høsting av engen, pga. den tuete veksten.  Mottiltak: Rik engvekst som utkonkurrerer englodnegraset, eventuelt punktsprøyting med ‘kvekemidler".