Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Forfattere
Guro BrodalSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Guro BrodalSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
The Pasvik River valley is the easternmost part of Norway, and borders to Finland and Russia. In Norway it is known for its wilderness and taiga forests. During the 1960-1970s most of the mature pine forests were harvested, and large areas of pine stands have been naturally regenerated. In addition, large areas are covered with birch. The Pasvik River valley and the adjoining areas are therefore important both as an area for growing timber resources and for recreation. However, these areas have also been exposed to air pollution from Russian smelting industry since the 1930s. In addition to sulphur dioxide, emissions consist of various heavy metals which contaminate the surroundings. The main pollution source is the huge nickel plant in the Russian city Nikel, located only 10 km from the Norwegian border. For a long time there was general concern for the quality of the forest ecosystems in these areas. This concern accelerated in the mid-1980s.
Forfattere
Ole Martin Eklo Randi Bolli Jens Kværner Tore Sveistrup Eivind Solbakken Frauke HofmeisterSammendrag
In the project "Groundwater and Dependent Ecosystems: New Scientific and Technological Basis for Assessing Climate Change and Land-use Impacts on Groundwater (GENESIS)" coordinated by Bioforsk, the objective is to integrate new methods, concepts and tools for the revision of the Ground Water Directive and better management of groundwater resources. By case studies in different climatic regions various land use pressures are studied.To identify threatens to groundwater pollution MACRO_GV has been used simulating the movement of pesticides used in potatoes and cereals. The simulation set-up and output from the tool was similar to the FOCUS groundwater scenarios. The different soil-types of the area have large differences in risks of leaching to groundwater for the different pesticides. Risk reduction is possible with userfriendlyknowledge about soil and hot spots.
Forfattere
Jens Rohloff Per Winge Jahn Davik May Bente Brurberg Keithanne Mockaitis Vladimir Shulaev Stephen K, Randall Atle M. Bones Muath AlsheikhSammendrag
In order to support functional genomics research in octoploid (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) and diploid (F. vesca) strawberry, a customized Fragaria microarray chip was developed as a joint collaboration between Graminor Breeding Ltd. and NTNU. F. vesca cDNA sequences were provided by The Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University (an assembly of >3 million reads from GS-FLX Titanium - Roche/454 Life Sciences sequencing), and about 59,000 publicly available Fragaria EST sequences were uploaded from NCBI. In addition, ~190 Mb of preliminary draft genome sequences from F. vesca were provided by the Strawberry Genome Sequencing Consortium (courtesy to V. Shulaev). cDNAs used as templates for probe design were validated by BlastN against the F. vesca draft genome excluding cDNAs of microbial origin. Genes not represented in the cDNA collection were identified by screening F. vesca draft genome against protein sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana, Vitis vinifera, Ricinus communis and Populus trichocarpa. Exon sequences from genes not found in the cDNAs were included. In total, 43723 unique 60-mer probes were designed and the Agilent eARRAY tool was used to produce a 4x44k format microarray chip. Fragaria chip applicability and feasibility for transcriptional profiling was investigated using either abiotic (low temperature) or biotic (pathogenic fungi) stress treatment. Microarray data will be subsequently integrated with other omics data to address gene-regulatory networks and biological functions. Cold acclimation experiments were focused on short- and long-term effects in meristematic tissue, and revealed the up-regulation of ~100 cold-responsive genes (transcription factors, dehydrins, enzymes), and transcripts involved in starch breakdown and raffinose biosynthesis. Beside central metabolism, secondary metabolism was also strongly modulated as seen by changes in the expression of flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes. Time-course studies of transcriptional responses in F. vesca accessions showing contrasting resistance toward the pathogen Phytophthora cactorum are in progress, and will be presented in-depth.
Sammendrag
Isolates of Colletotrichum sublineolum were collected from different sorghum-producing regions of Ethiopia and divided into five groups based on their geographic origin. The growth rate of 50 isolates showed considerable variation: 1·7?5·8 mm day?1, mean 3·3 mm day?1. However, the isolates displayed little variation in colony colour and colony margin, except for isolates from the north, which were different from the others. Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of 102 isolates revealed much greater variations among the different groups. Dice similarity coefficients ranged from 0·32 to 0·96 (mean 0·78). Cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis revealed a differentiation of the isolates according to their geographic origin, and both methods clearly indicated a genetic separation between the southern, the eastern and the other isolates. Analysis of molecular variance (amova) indicated a high level of genetic variation both among (42%) and within (58%) the C. sublineolum sampling sites in Ethiopia. The amova also indicated a high level of genetic differentiation (FST = 0·42) and limited gene flow (Nm = 0·343). The results of this study confirmed the presence of a highly diverse pathogen, which is in agreement with the existence of diverse host genotypes and widely ranging environmental conditions in sorghum-producing regions of the country. Such diversity should be taken into account in future breeding programmes to achieve an effective and sustainable disease management strategy.
Forfattere
Juliana Irina Spies Perminow Arild Sletten Arne Hermansen Inger-Lise Wetlesen Akselsen Eva BorowskiSammendrag
Norwegian onion growers have in recent years complained about bacteria like disease problems of bulb onion, Allium cepa L., both in the field and in storage. In order to find out which bacteria that are involved in theses rotting symptoms, a small survey was carried out on diseased onions from different parts of the country. Biochemical- and pathogenicity tests and fatty acid profiling showed that there was a lot of different bacteria present in the diseased onions. Many of them were ordinary water- and soil residents, which are not known to cause diseases of onion, such as Enterococcus, Salmonella, Cedecea, Stenotrophomonas, Chryseobacteruim and Curtobacterium. But there were also bacteria present which are known to cause diseases of onion in other countries, such as Burkholderia gladioli pv alliicola, Pseudomonas viridiflava, Enterobacter chloacae and Pantoea agglomerans. This is the first report of Burkholderia gladioli pv alliicola in Norway.
Sammendrag
Kartlegging av hvilke arter av Streptomyces som forårsaker flatskurv i potet i Norge er et av målene i "skurvprosjektet" ved Bioforsk Plantehelse. Så langt har Streptomyces scabies/ Streptomyces europaeiscabiei og Streptomyces turgidiscabies blitt isolert fra om lag 200 prøver fra 13 fylker i Norge.
Forfattere
Juliana Irina Spies Perminow Arild Sletten Arne Hermansen Inger-Lise Wetlesen Akselsen Eva BorowskiSammendrag
Bakteriell råte i kepaløk har de siste årene økt i omfang uten at man vet hvilke bakterier som er årsak til skadene. For å skaffe et kunnskapsgrunnlag for problemstillingen ble det utført en kartlegging av bakterier som forekommer i løk med råtesymptomer.
Sammendrag
Docks are among the most important perennial weeds in grasslands throughout the world and the need for more effective control methods is especially crucial in organic forage production. To find more effective control methods, field trials over 2 years at 4 Norwegian locations, were carried out mainly as a full-factorial design, including factors expected to reduce docks significantly. (i) Date of grassland establishment: may be important for preventing/decreasing the flush of seedlings from seeds as well as shoots from root fragments.(ii) False seedbed preparation: to decrease soil seed bank. (iii) Use of nurse crop (cover crop) to increase competitiveness against Rumex seedlings. (iv) Cutting the taproot, using a rotary tiller before ploughing, or the "dock-plough" (a skimmer modified to cut roots in the entire furrow width at ca 7 cm depth): as new shoots mostly come from the neck and the upper 5 cm of the taproot. (v) Ploughing depth and skimming: to decrease shoots from root fragments. Weed development was assessed as the number of emerging Rumex seedlings and plants sprouting from root fragments. Results indicated that frequently more plants emerged from seeds than from root fragments. Neither renewing the grassland in summer, nor the use of the rotary tiller or the "dock plough" reduced the number of docks in the renewed grasslands. The use of the false seedbed and nurse crop, at some locations and years, reduced the number of docks in the renewed grasslands. Deep ploughing (24cm) reduced the number of Rumex plants from roots by 65% percent compared to shallow ploughing (16cm). Furthermore, the use of a skimmer reduced the number of docks sprouting from roots by 28%. Among the investigated factors, competitiveness, false seedbed and ploughing depth, as well as ploughing quality, seems to be the most promising factors for reducing the number of docks in renewed grassland.