Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
Sammendrag
‘Ingen jordarbeiding om høsten’ har vært et av de viktigste tiltakene mot erosjon og tap av næringsstoffer fra jordbruksarealer siden begynnelsen på 1990-tallet. Avrenningsforsøk som startet på 1980-tallet viser stor effekt av ‘ingen jordarbeiding om høsten’ på erosjon og næringsstofftap på forholdsvis bratte jordbruksarealer. Det har derimot kun vært få undersøkelser av jordarbeidings-effekter på arealer med liten helling, på tross av at slike arealer utgjør størsteparten av jordbruksarealene der det dyrkes korn. Avrenningsforsøket på Kjelle vgs. i Bjørkelangen ble satt i gang i 2014 for å belyse effekter av jordarbeiding på næringsstoffavrenning fra arealer med liten erosjonsrisiko, det vil si forholdsvis flate arealer. Forsøket består av 9 forsøksruter med målinger av avrenning fra både overflatevann og grøftevann fra hver rute. Det er tre gjentak og behandlingene omfatter 1. høstpløying med vårkorn (havre, bygg fra 2022), 2. vårpløying med vårkorn (bygg) og 3. høstpløying med høstkorn (høsthvete). Resultater fra ni forsøksår (2014-2023), er beskrevet i denne rapporten med fokus på siste året.
Sammendrag
Program for jord- og vannovervåking i landbruket (JOVA) ble startet i 1992 med det formål å dokumentere landbrukets virkning på vannkvaliteten samt effekten av endringer i jordbrukspraksis og tiltaksgjennomføring. I denne rapporten presenteres resultater fra alle deler av programmet for perioden fra 1992 til og med april 2022.
Forfattere
Ralf Rautenberger Alexandre Detain Kari Skjånes Peter Simon Claus Schulze Viswanath Kiron Daniela Morales-SánchezSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
In the present work we have investigated the effects of abiotic and biotic factors on the growth and quality of carrots. The experiment tested how precipitation above field capacity (WATER) vs. no precipitation (DROUGHT) affect carrot growth and storability. Each treatment period lasted three weeks. We found no yield difference between the treatments at harvesting the carrots (6.6 vs. 6 t daa‑1) and the proportion of fresh roots was generally around 85%. High precipitation, especially in the latter part of the growth period, resulted in a higher proportion of cracked roots, number of roots with a lighter colour, rot in the upper part of the root and the occurrence of enlarged cork cells. After storage, we did not see any difference between the different treatments in the proportion of fresh roots. There was a slight tendency for tip rot to increase during drought at the end of the season. The soil content of phosphorous (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na) was reduced by high water supply, especially early in the season. The nutrient content in the roots was generally less affected by treatments than the soil mineral content. We found that the content of K and manganese (Mn) was higher at high water supply and the content of zinc (Zn) and ion (Fe) lower. The dry matter content was lowest in the treatments with a high-water supply. As the precipitation influences the soil content of some minerals, we looked at how low pH, low Ca content in the soil, would influence carrot growth. High soil pH (7.4 vs. 5.5) resulted in a higher proportion of roots with fingers when harvesting, but a lower proportion of roots with tip rot after storage (7.8 vs. 3.3%) as well as a higher proportion of healthy roots (83% vs. 67%). The conclusion is that the climatic changes where periods with high precipitation and with drought occur more often require attention to cultivation methods to reduce the negative effects.
Forfattere
Anders Nielsen Bjørn Arild Hatteland Jo Skeie Hermansen Lawrence Richard Kirkendall Claus Rasmussen Kristin Opdal Seljetun Markus A. K. Sydenham Henning Sørum Paul Ragnar Berg Anders Bryn Kjetil Hindar Kyrre Kausrud Tor Atle Mo Erlend Birkeland Nilsen Brett Kevin Sandercock Eva Bonsak Thorstad Gaute VelleSammendrag
Background Pollinators are under threat from a variety of environmental drivers, including habitat loss and fragmentation, pesticides, climate change, and invasive species. Despite being domesticated animals, honey bees (Apis mellifera) share many traits with invasive species and several studies have suggested that beekeeping might pose a threat to wild bees and other pollinators. In Norway, the history of beekeeping dates to at least the 18th century, yet little is known about the consequences of this agricultural practice on biodiversity, especially on wild pollinators. The Norwegian Environment Agency therefore asked VKM to provide a brief summary of the available literature on the impact of honey bee keeping on wild pollinating insects and assess whether keeping of honey bees might pose a risk to wild pollinators in Norway. VKM was also asked to specifically assess the impact of stocking rates and placement of honey bee hives in relation to important wild pollinator habitats and vulnerable populations of wild pollinators (e.g. threatened species). Finally, VKM was asked to identify and assess possible risk-reducing measures related to any risk identified. Methods To provide a brief review of the literature on how keeping of honey bees affect wild pollinators, VKM conducted a rapid review, using the "updates of systematic reviews" approach. This approach aimed to update and supplement the two existing systematic reviews on the topic. Following established search protocols, the literature review thus focused on the effects of managed honey bees (Apis mellifera) on wild pollinators, specifically addressing three key areas: (i) competition for floral and nesting resources, (ii) transmission of pathogens and parasites, and (iii) indirect effects via changes in plant communities. Based on the hazards identified in the literature review and one additional hazard identified by experts in the project group, VKM conducted a risk assessment that included hazard identification, hazard characterization, likelihood of impact, and risk characterization for each of the hazards identified, focusing on the Norwegian context. Additionally, for each identified hazard, VKM estimated the confidence levels for each step in the risk assessment. Finally, VKM identified potential risk mitigating measures and assessed their effectiveness. This was done by conducting a literature search to identify potential risk reducing measures and assessing the identified mitigating measures their effectiveness, certainty of effectiveness, and potential harms using the approach developed by Conservation Evidence (see www.conservationevidence.com). Results/Conclusions Status of knowledge The literature review performed by VKM identified 45 recent studies that were not included in the two previous systematic reviews on the topic. The new studies did not provide results that altered the conclusions of the previous reviews. A brief summary of the review is presented below. Competition for floral resources. Managed honey bees can compete with wild pollinators for shared floral resources and this competition can have clear, measurable, negative effects on wild pollinators. Spillover of pathogens and parasites. Managed honey bees can potentially spread bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens to wild pollinators. The extent to which these pathogens cause disease in wild pollinators is, however, unknown for most wild pollinators. Several parasitic mites can infest hives of managed honey bees, but none of these have been shown to infest wild pollinators found in Norway. One common honey bee pest, the small hive beetle (Aethina tumida), has been found to also infect nests of wild bees. This species is not currently found in Norway. ............................
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag