Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
Forfattere
Christian PedersenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Christian PedersenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Adam Eindride Naas Lasse Torben Keetz Rune Halvorsen Peter Horvath Ida Marielle Mienna Trond Simensen Anders BrynSammendrag
There is an increasing need for ecosystem-level distribution models (EDMs) and a better understanding of which factors affect their quality. We investigated how the performance and transferability of EDMs are influenced by 1) the choice of predictors and 2) model complexity. We modelled the distribution of 15 pre-classified ecosystem types in Norway using 252 predictors gridded to 100 × 100 m resolution. The ecosystem types are major types in the ‘Nature in Norway' system mainly defined by rule-based criteria such as whether soil or specific functional groups (e.g. trees) are present. The predictors were categorised into four groups, of which three represented proxies for natural, anthropogenic, or terrain processes (‘ecological predictors') and one represented spectral and structural characteristics of the surface observable from above (‘surface predictors'). Models were generated for five levels of model complexity. Model performance and transferability were evaluated with data collected independently of th
Forfattere
Knut Anders Hovstad Sindre Lysfjord Sommerli Dag Endresen Anders Endrestøl Frode Fossøy Ragnhild Heimstad Stein Arild Hoem Torbjørn Høitomt Bård Gunnar Stokke Roald Vang Anders BrynSammendrag
I arbeidet med konseptutredninga, har ein drøfta i kor stor grad ein skal detaljere beskrivingar av feltmetodikk. Variasjon mellom artar og ulike kartleggingsformål krev variasjon i kartleggingsmetodikk. Konseptutredninga vil ikkje kunne gi detaljerte svar på alle metodiske utfordringar, men gir eit metodisk rammeverk der fleire av elementa vil vere vesentlege bidrag til både å heve nivået og standardisere artskartlegging i Noreg.
Sammendrag
Rapporten skal være et kunnskapsgrunnlag for arbeid med jordvernstrategier i Bærum kommune. Den omhandler jordas og jordbruksarealenes betydning i samfunnet og beskriver jordbruket i Bærum, samt fordeling av jordbruksarealene og utviklingstrekk knyttet til disse. Videre beskrives årsaker til omdisponering og ulike virkemidler for jordvern i kommunen.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Rapporten er et kunnskapsgrunnlag for arbeid med jordvernstrategier i kommunene Moss og Råde. Den omhandler jordsmonnets og jordbruksarealenes betydning i samfunnet og beskriver jordbruket i kommunene, samt fordeling av jordbruksarealene og utviklingstrekk knyttet til disse. Videre beskrives årsaker til omdisponering og ulike virkemidler for jordvern i kommunene. Det er også gitt tre eksempler på hvordan ulike verdier knyttet til jordbruksområder, kan beskrives og verdsettes som kunnskapsgrunnlag for arealforvaltningen.
Forfattere
Julian Helfenstein Samuel Hepner Amelie Kreuzer Gregor Achermann Tim Williams Matthias Bürgi Niels Debonne Thymios Dimopoulos Vasco Diogo Wendy Fjellstad Maria Garcia-Martin Józef Hernik Thanasis Kizos Angela Lausch Christian Levers Jaan Liira Franziska Mohr Gerardo Moreno Robert Pazur Tomasz Salata Beatrice Schüpbach Rebecca Swart Peter H. Verburg Anita Zarina Felix HerzogSammendrag
Current agricultural practices in Europe are increasingly aggravating societal and environmental safety concerns. This creates social and regulatory pressures on farmers, which can lead to declining material and social status of farmers, farmer discontent, and anti-regulation protests. These tensions are rooted in conflicting value systems for agricultural development, which can range from productivist pathways (i.e. valuing production above all else) to increasing multifunctionality pathways (i.e. valuing agriculture for its contribution to multiple economic, environmental and societal needs). It is largely unknown to what degree individual farms and agricultural landscapes are transitioning towards increasing productivism or multifunctionality in practice. Here, we mapped landscape changes and interviewed farmers (n = 274) to examine the diversity of agricultural development pathways in 17 study sites across Europe over the last 20 years (2000–2020). We also assessed the associations between the development pathways and farmers’ perceptions of socio-economic outcomes, namely job satisfaction, societal valuation, and economic performance. Farm-level development was largely aligned with productivist pathways, while landscape-level changes aligned more closely with an increasing multifunctionality pathway. Farmers on pathways of increasing multifunctionality did not perceive improved outcomes on livelihood indicators as compared to productivist farmers. Furthermore, farms on increasing multifunctionality pathways were concentrated in sites with very high management intensities that face strong pressure from environmental regulations, as well as low-intensity, mountainous sites, where opportunities for intensification are limited. These results suggest that current pathways that increase multifunctionality arise mostly by necessity. Successful agricultural transformation will therefore require policy to create enabling environments that provide socioeconomic benefits for farmers to increase multifunctionality, and a civil society and market conditions that value sustainable agriculture.
Forfattere
Ivy Britzny Osae Peep Mardiste Dina Stober Sebastian Eiter Matthias Buchecker Monika SuškevičsSammendrag
The ‘Aarhus Convention’ – regulating access to environmental information, public participation and justice in environmental decision−making – is a key international agreement with a long history and a considerable number of signatory countries. While implementation has been studied nationally, there is little comparative research at the transnational level. Based on ten criteria, we analysed national implementation reports of the 2014, 2017 and 2021 reporting cycles in terms of how 33 countries in Europe have implemented the access to information and public participation pillars, and identified obstacles they encountered. We also studied similarities and differences supra-nationally. Overall, countries are quite successfully fulfilling the obligations of the two pillars. Most obstacles reported concern four criteria: access to information, information provision, interaction, and trust. Implementation practices have changed little from 2014 to 2021. However, East- and South-European countries report more, and more persistent or repetitive obstacles, compared to Northern and Western European countries. The national democratic context seems to affect the quality of implementation. The Convention’s compliance bodies and national agencies responsible for coordinating the implementation are encouraged to interact more closely, to account for the differences and leverage implementation.