Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Forfattere
Derek Stewart Inger Martinussen Publikasjonsforfatter Susan Verdall Eivind Uleberg Olavi JunttilaSammendrag
Cloudberries (Rubus chamaemorus L.) contain several phenolic compounds, but ellagitannins and ellagic acid derivatives dominate and are primarily responsible for the antioxidative effects of cloudberry. Generally, antioxidative activities and chemical composition of berries are affected both by the genotype and the environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of temperature and the genotypes used in the crossings on fruit quality. Since different genotypes might respond differently to different temperatures, possible interactions between genotype and temperature were also investigated. Plants were grown under controlled temperature treatments (9, 12, 15, 18°C; variation ±0.5C) in 24-h photoperiod. Ripe berries were harvested daily, frozen individually at -100°C and stored at this temperature until chemical analyses. There was a significant effect of female parent on both total phenols and total anthocyanins in the berries. Temperature affected the level of total anthocyanins, while there was no significant effect on the level of total phenols. High through-put MS-based analyses suggested subtle differences in phenolic composition in response to temperature and genotype. The results indicate that there is a need for breeding material with a special adaptation to different climatic conditions.
Sammendrag
Two female and two male cultivars have previously been released as a result of clone evaluation at Bioforsk Nord Holt. Selection criteria have been number of pistils or stamens per flower, number of flowers and number of shoots per m2. Currently a new group of clones are evaluated with the aim of finding new cultivars for release. Preliminary results on flowering and berry production show strong variance in these traits. Over three years of registration, number of produced flowers varied from under 100 for the weakest clone to more than 1000 for the best clone. Number of produced berries varied from 9 for the weakest clone to 242 for the best clone. The three clones that produced most flowers all had very low berry production and deviated from the rest of the clones by having high numbers of flowers per harvested berry. New selection criteria will be considered before selection of new cultivars for release.
Sammendrag
As part of a project on cultivation and industrial exploitation of European Blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus ) started in 2008, berries from different wild populations from South, Mid and North Norway were investigated. One aspect of fruit quality analyses was to identify and describe blueberry aroma profiles. Volatiles were extracted by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analysed by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS) (Rohloff, 2004). More than 100 compounds could be identified based on MS database search and retention indices, also comprising aroma impact compounds not being described in blueberries earlier (Sydow & Anjou, 1969). Detected aliphatic and aromatic structures belonged to chemical groups such as alkanes, acids, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones and mono- and sesquiterpenes. Ten major compounds (mostly C4-, C6- and C9-structures) accounted for averagely 65-75 % relative amount of all detected peaks. However, HS-SPME analyses revealed complex volatile profiles including terpenes (>20 compounds, e.g. p-cymene, 1,8-cineole, linalool) and aromatic structures (>10 compounds, e.g. benzaldehyde, ethyl benzoate, 2-phenylethyl acetate, benzyl benzoate), which contribute to the characteristic and flavourful blueberry aroma.
Sammendrag
As part of a project on cultivation and industrial exploitation of European Blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus ) started in 2008, berries from different wild populations from South, Mid and North Norway were investigated. One aspect of fruit quality analyses was to identify and describe blueberry aroma profiles. Volatiles were extracted by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analysed by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS) (Rohloff, 2004). More than 100 compounds could be identified based on MS database search and retention indices, also comprising aroma impact compounds not being described in blueberries earlier (Sydow & Anjou, 1969). Detected aliphatic and aromatic structures belonged to chemical groups such as alkanes, acids, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones and mono- and sesquiterpenes. Ten major compounds (mostly C4-, C6- and C9-structures) accounted for averagely 65-75 % relative amount of all detected peaks. However, HS-SPME analyses revealed complex volatile profiles including terpenes (>20 compounds, e.g. p-cymene, 1,8-cineole, linalool) and aromatic structures (>10 compounds, e.g. benzaldehyde, ethyl benzoate, 2-phenylethyl acetate, benzyl benzoate), which contribute to the characteristic and flavourful blueberry aroma.
Sammendrag
Fra sommeren 2008 ble prisen på mineralgjødsel om lag doblet. Et sentralt spørsmål er om gjødselprisen har økt så mye at økonomisk optimalt gjødslingsnivå nå er lavere enn gjeldende norm. Her oppsummeres kort de vurderingene som er gjort knyttet til nitrogengjødsling innen de forskjellige vekstgrupper.
Sammendrag
Tjue-åtte norske frøavlere, forskere og konsulenter gjennomførte i dagene 11-12.juni 2009 en fagtur til Mellom- Sverige. Besøk hos seks konvensjonelle og økologiske frødyrkere stod på programmet. Spesielt den økologiske frøavlen stod sterkt i området, og vi fikk se øko-frøenger av engsvingel, strandsvingel, timotei, kvitkløver og rødkløver. Til tross for fraværet av plantevernmidler var det imponerende lite ugras å se. Mange av de økologiske grasfrøengene var imidlertid lyse på fargen og led av nitrogenmangel. Dette skyldtes dårlig gjødselvirkning av de organiske gjødselmidlene på grunn av lite nedbør på forsommeren. Av konvensjonell dyrking fikk vi se frøenger av raisvingel, rødkløver, rødsvingel, kvitkløver og engsvingel. Både den økologiske og konvensjonelle frøavlen foregikk på store, flate sletter som var godt egnet for effektiv og rasjonell frøproduksjon. Alt i alt en interessant og lærerik tur hvor vi fikk se mange flotte frøenger. I denne rapporten er dyrkingsteknikken hos frøavlerne vi besøkte, samt andre inntrykk fra turen, nærmere beskrevet.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
The aim of organic farming husbandry is to be entirely based on an organically produced diet. Pea is the most commonly cultivated protein rich crop in organic agriculture in Norway. However other high protein crops with complementary properties are needed to meet the nutritional demands in feeds for ruminants, pigs and poultry. An ongoing study in Bioforsk aims to develop cultivation practices on nutrient supply for organic oilseed crops and to establish knowledge on the feed quality of organically grown oilseed crops used as protein feed. It appears that spring turnip rape (Brassica rapa L. var. oleifera) and Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) can both be successfully cultivated with different levels of supplied nitrogen and sulphur. The nutrient value of organic spring turnip rape seems to be equivalent to conventional protein crops. Camelina can be an alternative in organic production, due to fewer problems with harmful pests compared with the traditional oilseed crops rape and turnip rape. Oilseed cake of turnip rape has higher protein and mineral content than the seed, and can be an interesting addition in feed ration for both ruminants and poultry, especially in combination with field pea.
Sammendrag
Organic husbandry aims to be based on 100 % organic feed. Currently there is a lack of protein feed for production of concentrates. Protein from oilseed crops is thought to complement the protein quality of peas (Pisum sativum L.). The experiences with oilseed crops in organic production are limited. With the ongoing project "Organic protein feed and edible oil from oilseed crops" the main aim is to obtain more knowledge of cultivation practices and the quality of the feed obtained from the crops. Spring turnip rape (Brassica rapa L. var. oleifera) and Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) are both successfully cultivated with different levels of supplied nitrogen and sulphur. Camelina seems to be an interesting new crop for organic production. It seems difficult to obtain good establishment and overwintering of winter rape (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) and winter turnip rape. The nutrient value of organic spring turnip rape and winter turnip rape seems to be equivalent to conventional protein crops.
Forfattere
Bolette Bele Hanne Sickel Tor Lunnan Ann Norderhaug Marianne Østerlie Roger K. Abrahamsen Liv Nilsen Mikael OhlsonSammendrag
The landscape and the old semi-natural habitats shaped by alpine farming represent important potentials both for local farmers and rural development. The projects referred focus on local food production with "added values", which represent picturesque landscapes, high biodiversity, and demanded food quality. Local food products such as sour cream, brown whey goat"s cheese, cow milk, mutton and beef are analyzed for specific sensory properties, fatty acid composition and the amount of antioxidants. Plant preferences among the livestock, botanical composition of pastures and management effects of grazing are also investigated. Preliminary results show higher levels of ω-3 fatty acids, CLA and antioxidants in milk and meat products with attractive sensory properties. These results are likely caused by distinctive properties of alpine pasture plants. Other Bioforsk projects show that production of high quality food products in addition may maintain high biodiversity and mountain summer farming landscapes, and that these "added values" make it possible to sell the food as labeled products, thus strengthening the farmer"s economy.