Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2004
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
The quantitative expression and the regulation of chitinase-encoding genes ech30, ech42 and nag1 in Trichoderma atroviride P1 under varying growth conditions were investigated using real-time RT-PCR, principle component and multivariate analyses. Twelve media combinations including 0.1 % and 3 % glucose as carbon source and no (0 mM), low (10mM) and high (100 mM) ammonium acetate as nitrogen source combined with or without colloidal chitin at 3 time intervals and 2 replications were applied to current study. The real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of ech30, ech42 and nag1 was regulated by the interaction of nitrogen, glucose and chitin under different growth conditions. The highest and earliest expressions of ech30 were induced by glucose and nitrogen starvation i.e. 0.1% glucose and 10 mM ammonium acetate in the growth media. This was also the case for ech42 and nag1 but at a relatively low level. In contrast, high (3%) glucose and high (100 mM) ammonium acetate concentrations repressed the expression of all the genes studied. These results were confirmed by principle component and multivariate analyses. The effect of chitin on ech30, ech42 and nag1 expression varied depending on the concentrations of glucose and ammonium acetate.
Sammendrag
The quantitative expression and the regulation of chitinase-encoding genes ech30, ech42 and nag1 in Trichoderma atroviride P1 under varying growth conditions were investigated using real-time RTPCR, principle component and multivariate analyses. Twelve media combinations including 0.1% and 3% glucose as carbon source and no (0 mmol/L), low (10 mmol/L) and high (100 mmol/L)ammonium acetate as nitrogen source combined with or without colloidal chitin at 3 time intervals and 2 replications were applied to current study. The real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of ech30, ech42 and nag1 was regulated by the interaction of nitrogen, glucose and chitin under different growth conditions. The highest and earliest expressions of ech30 were induced by glucose and nitrogen starvation i.e. 0.1% glucose and 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate in the growth media. This was also the case for ech42 and nag1 but at a relatively low level. In contrast, high (3 %) glucose and high (100 mmol/L) ammonium acetate concentrations repressed the expression of all the genes studied. These results were confirmed by principle component and multivariate analyses.The effect of chitin on ech30, ech42 and nag1 expression varied depending on the concentrations of glucose and ammonium acetate.
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
The objective of the project was to evaluate the extension and reasons of pesticide contamination of drinking water wells in an area with intensive cultivation of potatoes and small grains on fluvial deposits. Most of the households in the field drinking water was supplied from simple groundwater wells, consisting of 5/4 - steel pipes with filter tips, hammered down to the groundwater zone. The area was assumed to be vulnerable to groundwater pollution as permeable deposits covered the major part of the area. High concentrations of pesticides had also been found in groundwater wells in a pilot project. In the project extension and causes of pesticide contamination of the drinking water wells have been assessed from: Soil properties, properties of deeper deposits, hydrogeology and groundwater flow, localisation and use of washing sites and agricultural practise, simulations of groundwater flow around washing sites and wells, simulations of diffuse pesticide leakage from soil and monitoring contents of pesticides and nitrates in groundwater samples from drinking water wells. The results show that most of the pesticide contamination to the groundwater in water could be explained by diffuse leakage from soil after application of normal doses of pesticides on the fields. Some few higher concentrations can be explained by point sources. The investigation supports the hypothesis that the high concentrations of metribuzin and metalaksyl in samples of drinking water in the pilot project, were caused by point source contamination from washing sites. Changes in the attitude among the farmers and procedure for spraying after increased focus on the risk of pesticide pollution might have caused a better procedure for handling of pesticides. The combination of washing sites and drinking water wells requires a high degree of attention and knowledge about pesticides, soil and water. Knowledge from the project has brought into focus the question; how to practice the approval and use of pesticides to reduce contamination. Should pesticides be given general approvals or whether approvals might include restrictions within areas with high risks of groundwater contamination. The last approach will move responsibility to the end-users and will also require adequate advisory tools and services.
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