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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2006

Sammendrag

Temporal changes in the scores of selected soil fertility indices were studied over six years in three different cases of organic crop rotation located in southern, eastern and central Norway. The cropping history and the initial scores of fertility indices prior to conversion to organic cropping differed between the sites. Crop yields, regarded as an overall, integrating fertility indicator, were in all rotations highly variable with few consistent temporal trends following the first year after conversion. On the site in eastern Norway, where conversion followed several years of all-arable crop rotations, earthworm number and biomass and soil physical properties improved, whereas the system was apparently degrading with regard to P and K trade balances and contents in soil. On the other two sites, the picture was less clear. On the southern site, which had a relatively fertile soil before conversion, the contents of soil organic matter and K decreased during the six-year period, but the scores of other fertility indices showed no trends. On the site in central Norway, there were positive trends for earthworm-related indices such as worm biomass and tubular biopores, and negative trends for soil porosity. The results, especially those from the eastern site, illustrate the general difficulty in drawing concllusions about overall fertility or sustainability when partial indicators show divergent trends. Consequently, the study gave no unambiguous support to the initial working hypothesis that organic farming increases inherent overall soil fertility, but rather showed that the effect varied among indicators and depended on status of the cases at conversion. It is concluded that indicators are probably better used as tools to learn about and improve system components than as absolute measures of sustainability.

Sammendrag

The effect of zinc on soil nitrification and composition of the microbial community in soil was investigated using a full factorial experiment with five zinc concentrations and four levels of biological complexity (microbes only, microbes and earthworms (Eisenia fetida), microbes and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum var. Macho), and microbes, ryegrass and earthworms). After 6 weeks of exposure, the activity of soil nitrifying bacteria was measured and the microbial community structure was characterized by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Soil nitrification and several PLFA markers were significantly influenced by either zinc addition and/or the presence of earthworms or ryegrass, and one of the most pronounced changes was the increase of fungi and decrease of bacteria with increasing concentrations of zinc. Of particular interest, however, was the potential interaction between the presence of plants and/or earthworms and the effect of zinc, which the factorial study design allowed us to explore. Such an effect was observed in two cases: Earthworms reduced the positive effect of zinc on the fungal biomass (ANOVA, p = 0.03), and the effect of earthworms on the soil nitrification activity depended on zinc concentration (ANOVA, p < 0.05). The effect of earthworm presence was not very large, but it does show that multispecies tests might give information about metal toxicity, or bioavailability that cannot be predicted from single-species tests. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Sammendrag

Alunskifer kan gi sterkt sur avrenning med høye konsentrasjoner av miljøproblematiske metaller. Vegbygging gjennom områder med alunskifer kan gi store miljømessige utfordringer knyttet til avrenning fra steindeponier, vegfyllinger og fjellskjæringer. Vegprosjekter gjennom områder med alunskifer i veglinja må klarlegge miljømessige utfordringer knyttet til potensiell vannforurensning og aktuelle tiltak før oppstart av veganlegget

Sammendrag

Vask av vegtunneler mobiliserer akkumulerte trafikkskapte forurensningskomponenter. Rapporterte undersøkelser dokumenterer mengde forurensningskomponenter som kan gjenfinnes i vaskevann, sandfang og masser sugd opp av suge- og feiebiler. Undersøkelsene viste at forurensningsproduksjonen i vegtunnelene økte med økende trafikkbelastning, en høyere forurensningsproduksjon i piggdekksesongen enn om sommeren, at vaskevann inneholdt så høye konsentrasjoner av miljøproblematiske komponenter at det bør renses og at massene fra sandfang og suge- og feiebiler må disponeres på godkjent deponi med mindre det utføres utlekkingstester som kan "frikjenne" massene

Sammendrag

På oppdrag fra Sandefjord Lufthavn AS har Bioforsk Jord og miljø sammenstilt resultater fra miljøovervåkingsprogrammet knyttet til avisingsmidler for vintersesongen 05/06 og gitt anbefalinger mht. aktuelle tiltak for å redusere tilførsler av avisingsmidler til Rovebekken