Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2007
Sammendrag
Bioforsk er engasjert for å etterprøve flomanalyse foretatt av Multiconsult etter utbygging av ny E6 forbi Taraldrud, fordi det i et område ved gårdsveien stadig ble registrert oversvømmelser. Gjennomgangen viste at modellverktøyet var brukt korrekt, og alle endringer i avrenningsfaktor og nedbørfelt var tatt inn ved beregningene. Konklusjonen om at utvidelsen av E6 ikke ga signifikant økning av flommer i problemområdet kan støttes av Bioforsk. Alle avvik som ble funnet viste mindre økning enn det som var angitt i Multiconsults opprinnelige beregning, fordi deler av nedbørfeltet var ført ut av området via rensesystemer. Flommene må ut fra dette ha andre årsaker enn veiutbyggingen, som for eksempel feilplassert kulvert, nedsynking av veilegeme eller dårlig kanalvedlikehold og tette rister.
Sammendrag
Many areas of algae technology have developed over the last decades, and there is an established market for products derived from algae, dominated by health food and aquaculture. In addition, the interest for active biomolecules from algae is increasing rapidly. The need for CO2 management, in particular capture and storage is currently an important technological, economical and global political issue and will continue to be so until alternative energy sources and energy carriers diminish the need for fossil fuels. This review summarizes in an integrated manner different technologies for use of algae, demonstrating the possibility of combining different areas of algae technology to capture CO2 and using the obtained algal biomass for various industrial applications thus bringing added value to the capturing and storage processes. Furthermore, we emphasize the use of algae in a novel biological process which produces H2 directly from solar energy in contrast to the conventional CO2 neutral biological methods. This biological process is a part of the proposed integrated CO2 management scheme.
Forfattere
Arne Grønlund Tormod BriseidSammendrag
Ikke tilgjengelig
Sammendrag
Ikke tilgjengelig
Sammendrag
Rapporten er trykket på russisk
Sammendrag
Leakage of tributyltin (TBT) to coastal environment is documented globally and represents environmental hazards because of long half lives in anaerobic environment and accumulation in biota. Concentrations below 1 ng/l influence marine organisms. Hence, pollution control authorities request abatements to mitigate toxic concentration levels. Dredging of contaminated sediments is one abatement strategy, but this approach requires safe landfill repositories. An alternative strategy is to cover contaminated sea bottom areas by cap layers of favourable composition and thereby reduce TBT exposure to the environment. Both abatement strategies require understanding of chemical and physical processes involved at the pore scale and at the field scale. In the present study pore scale processes are investigated by laboratory experiments on dredged sediments from contaminated sea bottom and integrated to field scale by numerical simulations. The distribution of TBT between solid and water phase is a function of several parameters viz texture; composition of clay minerals; content of organic matter; pH; and salinity in the pore water. The influences of these parameters on the mobility of TBT in sediments are studied with emphasize on variable salinity flux through the porous media. In our data the mobility of TBT increases as a function of decreasing salinity. Long term leakage of TBT is simulated in a typified near shore landfill with initial marine salt water concentration in the pore water. Initial TBT concentration in pore water is estimated to 30 ng/l, which is corresponding to a chemical equilibrium of 1 mg/kg of TBT in the sediments. Because sorption of TBT varies as a function of salinity, the transport of TBT has to be coupled to concentration of NaCl in the pore water. The pore water flow depends not only on the relation between infiltration of meteoric water and permeability of the sediments, but also on the concentration of NaCl, thus Darcy law has to be coupled to transport of NaCl. In this way transport of TBT require a coupling of three types of physics. First is Darcy pore water flow coupled to concentration of NaCl, and then concentration of NaCl is coupled to desorption of TBT.
Forfattere
Anne-Grete Buseth Blankenberg Nils-Otto Kitterød Lillian Øygarden Marianne Bechmann Johannes Deelstra Hans Olav Eggestad Heidi Anette GrønstenSammendrag
CLIMATE: Adapating to extreme Weather in municipalities: what, how and why er et instituttprogrammet som går fra 2006-2010. Det er finansiert av Norges Forskningsråd. Bioforsk Jord og miljø skal kartlegge hvordan ekstremvær påvirker prosesser som kan føre til økt erosjon og avrenning av næringssalter som kan gi økt eutrofiering i våre ferskvannsresipienter. CICERO - Senter for klimaforskning, har koordineringsansvar for prosjektet som er et samarbeid mellom instituttene i Miljøalliansen; NIBR, NIKU, NILU, NINA, NIVA og Bioforsk Jord og miljø. Formålet med prosjektet er å øke forståelsen av og å gjelpe kommunene med å håndtere utfordringer de vil stå over for ved ekstremvær.
Forfattere
Anne-Grete Buseth Blankenberg Ketil Haarstad Anne-Kristine SøvikSammendrag
Agricultural runoff contributes with significant amounts of nitrogen (N) to rivers and lakes causing water quality problems. Constructed wetlands (CWs) in first- and second order streams reduce downstream loading of nutrients through mechanisms such as sedimentation, uptake by vegetation and microbial denitrification. (A stream with no tributaries (headwater stream) is considered a first order stream. A segment downstream of the confluence of two first order streams is a second order stream [1]). Norwegian CWs are often too small to easily achieve high N-retention. It is therefore important to improve and optimize the N-retention processes in the CWs where the CW area cannot be increased due to local restrictions. The main aim of this project was to compare N-retention in an experimental wetland including eight different types of organic and mineral CW-filters, one of which was a standard Norwegian CW (depth 0.5 m). The average total-N retention through the experimental wetland was 17 % for the period of May-September in 2003, but only 2% in the same period in 2004. Converted to mass, the retention in 2003 was 168 kg and 26 kg in 2004. Lower retention in 2004 was probably mainly caused by higher hydraulic load that year. The organic filters performed better than the mineral filters and the standard CW.
Forfattere
Anne-Grete Buseth Blankenberg Ketil Haarstad Bent C. BraskerudSammendrag
Pesticide losses to the environment are unwanted due to possible environmental and health hazards. An experimental wetland is established to study the efficiency with respect to retention of sediments, nutrients and pesticides. Pesticides were applied on an arable soil plot in the watershed. Statistical analyses were carried out on three selected pesticides; propachlor, metalaxyl and chlorfenvinfoss. All pesticides were found in the experimental wetland, with peak concenttrations shortly after spraying. In 2003 pesticide retention varied from 11% to 42% and in 2004 retention varied from 19% to 56 %. Comparing eight different wetland filters, we found that L6 and L8, with flagstones and straw, respectively, had a higher total pesticide retention than a standard Norwegian wetland (L4). When the compounds were treated separately, however, the picture was different. Statistical analyses showed that the treatments were signficantly different from zero in six of the wetlands for remowal of propachlor, for removal of metalaxyl none were significantly different, and for removal of chlorfenvinphos four treatments were significantly different. For the three compounds none of the relative treatments were significantly different from L4. Chemical properties of the pesticides could explain some of the behaviour in the watershed and in the wetland.
Forfattere
Guro HenselSammendrag
Egen informasjonsside for mindre avløpsanlegg på internett. Informasjonen retter seg først og fremst mot to interessegrupper; saksbehandlere for mindre avløpsanlegg i kommunene, og privatpesoner som skal etablere avløpsanlegg. Nettsiden er inndelt i følgende tre hovedtemaer: "Kommuneveildning" er info som er tilpasset saksbehandlere i kommunene. "Hvordan velge avløpsløsning" er info spesielt for utbyggere av anlegg, mens " Renseløsninger" er generell informasjon om ulike typer mindre avløpsanlegg på markedet Informasjonen som i hovedsak er utformet av Bioforsk Jord og miljø (tidligere Jordforsk) og UMB i tidligere prosjekter, er tilrettelagt og bearbeidet for internett med delfinansiering av Statens forurensningstilsyn, SFT. Bioforsk er faglig ansvarlig for innholdet å på nettstedet. Ansvarlig redaktør for sidene er Anders W. Yri ( Bioforsk).