Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Forfattere
Jørn-Frode Nordbakken Ingvild AustadSammendrag
Several places in Sogn og Fjordane county, W Norway, old pollarded trees of elm Ulmus glabra stand out as characteristic elements in the cultural landscape. These pollarded trees, which serve as habitats for many groups of organisms and are important key species in the cultural landscape, are threatened due to changes in farming management during the last century. In order to obtain more knowledge about the bryophyte flora on older elm pollards in Sogn og Fjordane county we examined two trees from each of four locations along an east-west gradient, from a strong oceanic climate in coastal areas towards slightly continental conditions further inland. Epiphytic bryophytes were recorded in three different height zones (basal, middle, and top) on the north, east, south and west sides of the trees. We looked for differences in species number (i) between the four locations, (ii) between three height zones (basal, middle and top) of the stems, and (iii) between different expositions (N, S, E and W) of the stems. We found 31 bryophyte species on the eight examined trees. No relation between geographic position and species number was found. There were significantly more species in the basal zones than in the middle zones, while there were no significant differences between the middle zones and top zones, or between the basal zones and top zones. The species number on the northern side exposition was significantly higher than on the eastern and southern sides of the stem.
Forfattere
Miroslav Matucha Nicholas Clarke Zora Lachmanová Sandor T. Forczek Květoslava Fuksová Milan GryndlerSammendrag
Chlorine - one of the most widespread elements on the Earth - is present in the environment as chloride ion or bound to organic substances. The main source of chloride ions is the oceans while organically bound chlorine (OCl) comes from various sources, including anthropogenic ones. Chlorinated organic compounds were long considered to be only industrial products; nevertheless, organochlorines occur plentifully in natural ecosystems. However, recent investigations in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems have shown them to be products of biodegradation of soil organic matter under participation of chlorine. It is important to understand both the inorganic and organic biogeochemical cycling of chlorine in order to understand processes in the forest ecosystem and dangers as a result of human activities, i.e. emission and deposition of anthropogenic chlorinated compounds as well as those from natural processes. The minireview presented below provides a survey of contemporary knowledge of the state of the art and a basis for investigations of formation and degradation of organochlorines and monitoring of chloride and organochlorines in forest ecosystems, which has not been carried out in the Czech Republic yet.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Knut Rydgren Jørn-Frode Nordbakken Ingvild Austad Inger Auestad Einar HeegaardSammendrag
Semi-natural grasslands and their species and populations are declining rapidly throughout Europe, bringing about a need for successful vegetation recreation methods. To maintain biodiversity and ecological services of semi-natural grasslands, we need more knowledge on the relative performance of different recreation methods. In a replicated experiment in western Norway, we evaluated two hay transfer methods (hard or light raking of local hay), sowing of local seeds and natural regeneration for recreating semi-natural grassland in a road verge. We compared treated trial plots with their respective donor plots (where hay and seeds were harvested) for three successive years by evaluating vegetation cover, species richness and species transfer rates, and vegetation dynamics analysed by Bray-Curtis compositional dissimilarity (BC) and GNMDS (Global Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling) ordination. Vegetation cover at the trial site exceeded that of donor sites in three years. Transfer rates of common species were high for seed sowing and both hay transfer procedures. Species composition in trial plots for all three treatments became significantly more similar to donor plots, but was still relatively dissimilar after three years. Natural regeneration showed a different temporal pattern and also had a higher successional rate. The species composition of the other treatments followed the same trajectory toward the donor sites as revealed by GNMDS. We found relatively small differences between the two hay transfer methods and seed sowing. Transfer of local hay therefore appears to be a successful method of establishing local species when recreating semi-natural grasslands, and is generally cheaper than using commercial local seed mixtures.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag