Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Forfattere
Aldo Marchetto Rosario Mosello Gabriele A. Tartari John Derome Kirsti Derome Nils König Nicholas Clarke Anna KowalskaSammendrag
A Working Ring Test (WRT) was organised within the framework of the EU/Life+ FutMon Project (`Further Development and Implementation of an EU-level Forest Monitoring System`, LIFE07 ENV/D/000218), to evaluate the overall performance of the laboratories responsible for analysing atmospheric deposition and soil solution samples in European forests, and to verify improvements in the analytical quality resulting from the QA/QC work carried out in the laboratories which participated in previous WRTs organized in the framework of the UN/ECE ICP Forests Monitoring Programme. The WRT was carried out in accordance with International ISO and ILAG guide proficiency test both for sample preparation and numerical elaboration of the results. Four natural atmospheric deposition and soil solution samples and 4 synthetic solutions were distributed to 44 laboratories for analysis using their routine methods for the following variables: pH, conductivity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, ammonium, sulphate, nitrate, chloride, total alkalinity, total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Two tolerable limits were defined for each variable on the basis of the measured value, the results of previous WRTs, a comparison with the Data Quality Objectives of other international networks, and the importance of the variable in deposition and soil solution monitoring. In the ring test 16% of the results from all the laboratories did not fall within the tolerable limits. This enabled us to identify those variables and laboratories for which improvements in analytical performance are required. The results of the exercise clearly show that the use of data check procedures, as described in the ICP Forests manual for sampling and analysis of atmospheric deposition, makes it possible to detect the presence of inaccurate or outlying results, and would therefore greatly improve the overall performance of the laboratories. Some of the analytical methods used by individual laboratories were found to be unsuitable for the samples included in this WRT, and therefore also for the routine analysis of atmospheric deposition and soil solution samples in European forests. These methods included outdated methods, such as turbidimetry or nephelometry for the determination of sulphate, silver nitrate titration and ion selective electrode for chloride, Kjeldahl digestion for the determination of ammonium and organic nitrogen, and colorimetric titrations for alkalinity. A detailed discussion of the determination of total alkalinity is also given in the report because this variable was associated with the most analytical problems.
Forfattere
Martin Lorenz Richard Fischer Georg Becher Volker Mues Oliver Granke Tatyana Braslavskaya Alexey Bobrinsky Natalia Lukina Nicholas Clarke Zora Lachmanová Claus SchimmingSammendrag
Of the 41 countries participating in ICP Forests, 27 countries reported national results of crown condition surveys in the year 2008 for 210 964 trees on 14 786 plots. The transnational result on the European-wide scale relied on 111 560 trees on 5 002 plots of the 16 x 16 km grid in 25 out of 35 participating countries. Mean defoliation of all sample trees of the transnational survey was 20.2%. Of the main species, Quercus robur and Q. petraea had by far the highest mean defoliation (24.9%), followed by Fagus sylvatica (19.4%), Picea abies (19.3%) and Pinus sylvestris (18.2%). These figures are not comparable to those of previous reports because of fluctuations in the plot sample, mainly due to changes in the participation of countries. Therefore, the long-term development of defoliation was calculated from the monitoring results of those countries which have been submitting data since 1990 every year without interruption. In the period of observation the species group Quercus ilex and Quercus rotundifolia shows the severest increase in defoliation, with 10.3% in 1990 and 21.2% in 2008. A similar increase in defoliation, namely from 11.1% to 20.4%, was experienced by Pinus pinaster. Defoliation of these Mediterranean species is largely attributed to several summer drought events. Defoliation of Fagus sylvatica increased from 17.9% to 19.7%. In contrast, Picea abies, Quercus robur and Quercus petraea and in particular Pinus sylvestris recuperated from peaks in defoliation in the mid 1990s. The spatial and temporal variation of bulk deposition and throughfall of sulphate, nitrate, ammonium, calcium, sodium and chlorine was analysed as a basis of ongoing and future studies. Between 174 and 302 intensive monitoring plots were involved in the study. Mean deposition of the years 2004 - 2006 shows spatial patterns reflecting partly regional emission situations. The temporal variation was calculated for the period 2001 - 2006. Sulphur throughfall decreased from 6.0 kg ha-1 yr-1 in 2001 to 4.5 kg ha-1 yr-1 in 2006. Bulk deposition of sulphur shows a similar decrease at a lower level, namely from 4.9 kg ha-1 yr-1 in 2001 to 3.6 kg ha-1 yr-1 in 2006 (corrected for sea salt input). Nitrogen deposition shows a less pronounced rate of decrease.
Forfattere
Aldo Marchetto Rosario Mosello Gabriele Tartari O Tornimbeni J Derome Kisti Derome Pia Sorsa Nils Konig Nicholas Clarke Erwin Ulrich Anna KowalskaSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Nicholas Clarke Květoslava Fuksová Milan Gryndler Zora Lachmanová Hans-Holger Liste Jana Rohlenova Reiner Schroll Peter Schröder Miroslav MatuchaSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Marianne BechmannSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Marianne BechmannSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Prosjektet "Kostnadseffektivitet av tiltak i landbruket - oppfølging av vanndirektivet" er et samarbeidsprosjekt mellom Nilf og Bioforsk Jord og miljø, hvor Nilf er prosjektleder. Bakgrunn for prosjektet er at det er behov for et bedre beregningsgrunnlag for kostnadseffektivitet for ulike tiltak innen jordbruket og at de eksisterende kildene over (rense-) kostnader for jordbruket er få og varierende. Prosjektet er finansiert av SLF og fylkesmennene i Oslo og Akershus.
Forfattere
Marianne BechmannSammendrag
JOVA-programmet omfatter lange tidsserier med kontinuerlig overvåking av næringsstoffavrenning fra små jordbruksdominerte nedbørfelt. Denne overvåkingen bidrar til å kvantifisere jordbrukets tilførsler av nitrogen og fosfor til vann og vassdrag, og danner et viktig grunnlag for tiltaksanalyser som gjennomføres i forbindelse med implementering av den nye vannforskriften.
Forfattere
Daniela Dana Maria Soare Valentina Cotet Tore Krogstad Marianne Bechmann F Oancea Carmen Lupu F Chitoran Lulia Anton Lavinia ParvanSammendrag
The main objective of this study was to establish recommendations for lime and mineral fertilisations to winter wheat crop. Reserches were organized in the experimental plot from SC Agrotehnic SRL Păuleşti and endorsed the establishments of mineral nutrition status of plants and comparative study on recommendations of the phosphorus fertilisation applied in Romania and in Norway. Recommendations of fertilisation were determined according with soil data and mineral nutrition status of wheat, Renan variety