Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Leddormene (Annelida) består av gruppene flerbørstemark (Polychatea), fåbørstemark (Oligiochatea), igler (Hirudinea) og krogbærende pølseormer (Echinura).
Sammendrag
The report discusses strategies for the utilization of anaerobically treated poultry manure and slaughterhouse waste (ADR) from Lusakert Poultry Plant Production (LPPP) at Lusakert Biogas Plant (LBP), Kotayk Region, Armenia. ADR is currently an untapped resource of nutrients stored in lagoons, while at the same time representing a source of pollution for the Hsradan river. The project"s two goals were to 1) contribute to the reduction in waste disposed in lagoons from LBP and 2) increase recycling of organic wastes in Armenia. Both goals will contribute to sustainable resource management in Armenia. Anaerobically digested residue from LBP represents an untapped source of essential nutrients for crop production in Armenia. Plant nutrients in ADR are readily available. When ADR is used as fertilizer, crop yields similar to those achieved with the use of mineral fertilizers may be obtained. However, distribution of ADR from the biogas plant to the surrounding farms requires transport by tanker trucks, and the transport distances are longer than what is common for transport of liquid organic fertilizers in the Nordic countries. It is also necessary to develop an infrastructure for storing the ADR at the individual recipient or in greater common stock near the farms. An alternative is to store ADR in the lagoons of LBP and pump it on tanker trucks that run directly to the farmer"s fields, where it is spread immediately. However, this option can only be conducted during the growing season. Alternatively, the ADR can be used to produce solid organic fertilizer and soil conditioner, which would facilitate transportation and storage. This can be done by 1) aerobic composting, 2) vermi-composting and 3) concentrating nutrients in ADR to a solid that can be separated from the liquid. All these strategies can produce a valuable fertilizer, but the market for such products needs to be developed in Armenia. ADR or composted ADR can contain contaminants with health and environmental risks, depending on the origin of the raw material used. If mushroom waste is used as a substrate for the composting of ADR, the heavy metal content of the final compost is not expected to be much lower than in ADR because mushroom waste of interest is based on chicken manure. By using straw or other suitable plant material as a substrate, it is likely that the heavy metal content is reduced. The concentrations of organic pollutants in composted ADR from LBP are expected to be low, due to expected low concentrations of organic contaminants in poultry manure and slaughterhouse waste. It is also assumed that veterinary pharmaceuticals do not pose a risk through the use of ADR or composted ADR. There is a risk that pathogenic bacteria are found in the ADR and composted ADR, but these bacteria are not in their natural environment, and it is unknown whether pathogen contamination is a real risk to the public by the use of ADR in agriculture. Armenia has an Agriculture Support Republican Center, which heads the Agriculture Support Regional Centers. The regional centers provide counseling to farmers in Armenia. The Agriculture Support Centers should be strengthened and further developed as a strategy for optimal use of ADR in Armenian agriculture. Collaboration between the biogas plants, farmers, farmer organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), government organizations and scientific institutions should be developed with the common goal of helping to develop good management practices for optimum utilization of ADR as organic fertilizer in Armenia.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Snorre HagenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ingvild Wartiainen Hans Geir Eiken Mari Bergsvåg Per M. Knappskog Siv Grete Aarnes Paul Eric Aspholm Snorre HagenSammendrag
Mitokondrielt DNA (mtDNA) forekommer i høyt kopitall i celler, og viser sekvenser med høy spesifisitet for ulike arter. Vi har utviklet en multiplex PCR-analyse for mtDNA for rødrev (Vulpes vulpes), elg (Alces alces), rein (Rangifer tarandus), grevling (Meles meles) og mårhund (Nyctereutes procyonoides). Multipleks mtDNA-assayet ble anvendt til analyse av 344 bjørne-negative ekskrementer fra innsamlingen til overvåkning av brunbjørn i Västerbotten i Sverige i 2009. Vi har tidligere rapportert påvisning av brunbjørn-DNA i 997 (74 %) av 1341 ekskrementprøver fra denne innsamlingen i felten i 2009. Multipleks mtDNA-testen viste at rødrev (7,4 %) og elg (4,4 %) var de hyppigst forekommende forvekslingsartene i denne feltinnsamlingen. I tillegg ble det påvist grevling, rein og mårhund i et mindre antall prøver. Blandinger av to eller tre arter ble påvist i 60 prøver (4,5 %), og årsaken til dette kan være påvisning av byttedyr-DNA i ekskrementene fra kjøttetere. I så fall er andelen rødrevekskrementer blant forvekslingene høyere (~10 %) enn det som ble påvist fra prøver med utvetydig artsidentitet alene (7,4 %). Samlet viser denne studien at arten kunne bestemmes for 1233 (997 brunbjørn og 236 annen art, totalt 92 %) av 1341 ekskrementer samlet inn i Västerbotten i 2009.
Sammendrag
A research has been undertaken studying pesticide residues in water from greenhouses and the use of soils and filter materials to reduce such losses. The pesticides detected in water samples collected downstream greenhouses include 9 fungicides, 5 herbicides and 4 insecticides. 10 compounds from flower and vegetable productions were frequently found to exceed environmental risk levels, and with a few exceptions the compounds were found in higher concentrations than those typically found in agricultural runoff. Some compounds were found in high concentrations (.1mg/l) in undiluted runoff from greenhouses producing vegetables. Nutrient concentrations in the runoff were also sporadically very high, with phosphorous values varying between 0.85 and 7.4mgP/l, and nitrogen values between 7.5 and 41.4mgN/l. Undiluted runoff from the productions showed values of 60mgP/l and 300mgN/l. High values of pesticides correlated with high values of nutrients, especially P. Column experiments using a sandy agricultural soil and stock solutions of non-polar and slightly polar pesticides mixed with a complex binder and nutrients showed a significant reduction for nearly all of the compounds used, indicating that transport through soil will reduce the concentrations of the studied pesticides. The pesticide adsorption capacity of the filter materials pine bark, peat, Sphagnum moss, compost, oat straw, ferrous sand and clay soil were tested in batch and column experiments. Adsorption were studied contacting the filter materials with aqueous solutions containing greenhouse production pesticides. The batch experiments showed that pine bark and peat, both combining a high content of organic matter with a low ph, provided the highest adsorption for most of the tested pesticides. Sphagnum moss, compost and oat straw also showed high adsorption for most of the pesticides, while the mineral filters provided the lowest adsorption (30-55%). Further column experiments confirmed these results, displaying the best removal efficiency in the organic materials, varying from 200mg/g in compost, to 500mg/g in moss, straw and pine bark.