Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2018
Forfattere
Anastasia Georgantzopoulou Christian Vogelsang Claire Coutris Fabio Polesel Benedek Plosz Kuria Ndungu Patricia Almeida Carvalho Ailbhe MackenSammendrag
The increase in production and use of Ag and TiO2 nanomaterials has led to their release in wastewater streams and subsequently in the environment. Nanoparticles (NPs) can undergo transformations in environmental media such as wastewaters leading to an alteration in behavior, bioavailability and toxicity that may differ from their pristine counterparts and make predictions challenging. In this context, the overall goal of the study was to elucidate (i) the behavior and transformation of Ag and TiO2 NPs in realistic matrices such as wastewater effluents and activated sludge and (ii) the subsequent effects of transformed particles in comparison to their pristine counterparts. In this study, a laboratory-scale wastewater treatment system was established and combined with a battery of ecotoxicological assays and characterization techniques. The system contained activated sludge and was operated as a pre-denitrification system fed with synthetic wastewater spiked daily with 10 µg Ag NPs/L (PVP coated, 25 nm, nanoComposix) and 100 µg TiO2 NPs/L (nominal primary size of 5 nm, NM-101, JRC) over a period of 5 weeks. During that period the effluents were collected weekly and the excess sludge was stored for the evaluation of terrestrial toxicity. Samples from all reactors and effluents were collected weekly and analyzed by sequential filtration and ICP-MS to determine the partitioning of NPs and their transformation products. Transmission electron microscopy and sp-ICP-MS were performed on selected samples. The effects of aged particles were assessed using a battery of bioassays including freshwater and marine algae (growth inhibition and reactive oxygen species -ROS- formation), crustaceans, as well as in vitro models of relevance for NP toxicity assessement (RTgill-W1 cell line, effects on metabolic activity, epithelial integrity, ROS formation, gene expression). The extent of the observed effects was dependent on the organism exposed, with bottom feeding organisms and algae being more sensitive, while the in vitro model was a good tool for environmental samples. Furthermore, the biosolids generated from the lab-scale continuous system were used in terrestrial microcosm experiments, giving insight into the fate and potential accumulation in a model terrestrial system. Experimental data generated from the continuous-flow operation of the activated sludge system and the targeted batch experiments will be used to model the fate and the removal of NPs.
Forfattere
Anastasia Georgantzopoulou Claire Coutris Kuria Ndungu Patricia Almeida Carvalho Ana Catarina Almeida Ailbhe MackenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anne-Grete Buseth BlankenbergSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anne-Grete Buseth BlankenbergSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anne-Grete Buseth BlankenbergSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Given the compound differences between tris(2-butoxyethyl)- and tris(2-cloroethyl) phosphate (TBOEP and TCEP, respectively), we hypothesized that exposure of juvenile salmon to TBOEP and TCEP will produce compound-specific differences in uptake and bioaccumulation patterns, resulting in potential formation of OHmetabolites. Juvenile salmon were exposed to waterborne TCEP or TBOEP (0.04, 0.2 and 1 mg/L) for 7 days. The muscle accumulation was measured and bioconcentration factor (BCF) was calculated, showing that TCEP was less accumulative and resistant to metabolism in salmon than TBOEP. Metabolite formations were only detected in TBOEP-exposed fish, showing seven phase I biotransformation metabolites with hydroxylation, ether cleavage or combination of both reactions as important metabolic pathways. In vitro incubation of trout S9 liver fraction with TBOEP was performed showing that the generated metabolite patterns were similar to those found in muscle tissue exposed in vivo. However, another OH-TBOEP isomer and an unidentified metabolite not present in in vivo exposure were observed with the trout S9 incubation. Overall, some of the observed metabolic products were similar to those in a previous in vitro report using human liver microsomes and some metabolites were identified for the first time in the present study. Toxicological analysis indicated that TBOEP produced less effect, although it was taken up faster and accumulated more in fish muscle than TCEP. TCEP produced more severe toxicological responses in multiple fish organs. However, liver biotransformation responses did not parallel the metabolite formation observed in TBOEP-exposed fish.
Sammendrag
Fytinsyre er plantenes fosforlager, finnes i spesielt høyt nivå i korn, og kan finnes i relativt betydelige konsentrasjoner i enkelte typer husdyrgjødsel og jord. Fytinsyre er en inositol-ring (karbon-ring) med seks fosfat (forkortet IP6), og under omdanning blir en og en fosfat-gruppe frigitt (IP6-IP5-IP4-IP3-IP2-IP1-IP) til en til slutt har en ring uten fosfat (IP). Fytinsyre er ikke tilgjengelig for planter og i miljøet er omdanningen av fytinsyre til fosfat (orto.P) - som er den fosforformen som plantene tar opp - en langsom prosess. Fosfat bundet som organisk fosfor i fytinsyre utgjør dermed en ‘fosfor-pool’ som verken er plante- eller algetilgjengelig, men som over tid vil frigjøre fosfat som da blir plante- og algetilgjengelig. Alger kan under visse forhold produsere enzymer som spalter av organisk bundet fosfat, og det antas at edbrytningsproduktene med få fosfatgrupper, IP1 og kanskje IP2, derfor under gitte forhold kan være algetilgjenglig....
Forfattere
Krishna Reddy Kakumanu Yella Reddy Kaluvai M. Balasubramanian Sekhar Udaya Nagothu Gurava Reddy Kotapati Sunitha KaranamSammendrag
Climate change adversely affects the determinants of agriculture. Adaptation serves as an important strategy to reduce the adverse effects of climate change (variability) and vulnerability of the people. Adaptation through an innovation programme was implemented for 4 years during 2012–2016 to improve the adaptive capacity in agriculture and the water sectors through capacity building and implementation in the Krishna River Basin, India. Primary data were collected from 178 farm households of the Nagarjuna Sagar Project command area covering both adopters and non‐adopters of water‐saving interventions from the study area. The double difference method was used to analyse the impact of adaptation through capacity building and implementation. The water‐saving interventions include alternate wetting and drying (AWD) in rice, a modified system of rice intensification (MSRI) and direct seeding of rice (DSR). The capacity building and water saving increased crop yields by 0.96, 0.93 and 0.77 t ha−1 through AWD, MSRI and DSR respectively. The three practices have increased farmers’ income and decreased the cost of cultivation in DSR by Rs.11 000 (US$169) ha−1. The methods can be more focused in canal commands on a larger scale for equal distribution of water to all the head, middle and tail‐end regions.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Krishna Reddy Kakumanu Yella Reddy Kaluvai Sekhar Udaya Nagothu Narayan Reddy Lati Gurava Reddy Kotapati Sunitha KaranamSammendrag
Climate change characterized by global warming has become a hotspot of research in recent years for water resources, agriculture,ecology and other disciplines. In India, studies have shown an increasing trend in surface temperature, with decreasing trends inrainfall. Farmers are also more affected by the climate variability which has a serious influence on their production and income.The climate change and adaptation (ClimaAdapt) programme was implemented from 2012 to 2016 to build farm-level capacitiesand enhance the adaptive capacity of the agricultural and water sectors in the Krishna basin of Andhra Pradesh and Telanganastates. Water-saving interventions such as direct seeded rice, a modified system of rice intensification and alternate wetting anddrying (AWD) of rice were implemented in a cluster approach and enhanced water productivity. The training and implementationprogrammes increased the adaptation and awareness of farmers. Water measurements were carried out by usingflumes andultrasonic sensors. The area under direct seeded rice has increased to 64% in the study district and 77% of the trained farmersare adopting the practice. Capacity building, implementation and science–policy linkages are the key pillars of the programmeto improve the adaptive capacity and scaling-up of water management practices.