Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Forfattere
Tao Zhao Paal Krokene Niklas Björklund Bo Långström Halvor Solheim Erik Christiansen Anna-Karin Borg-KarlsonSammendrag
Constitutive and inducible terpene production is involved in conifer resistance against bark beetles and their associated fungi. In this study 72 Norway spruce (Picea abies) were randomly assigned to methyl jasmonate (MJ) application, inoculation with the bluestain fungus Ceratocystis polonica, or no-treatment control. We investigated terpene levels in the stem bark of the trees before treatment, 30 days and one year after treatment using GC–MS and two-dimensional GC (2D-GC) with a chiral column, and monitored landing and attack rates of the spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus, on the trees by sticky traps and visual inspection. Thirty days after fungal inoculation the absolute amount and relative proportion of (+)-3-carene, sabinene, and terpinolene increased and (+)-α-pinene decreased. Spraying the stems with MJ tended to generally increase the concentration of most major terpenes with minor alteration to their relative proportions, but significant increases were only observed for (−)-β-pinene and (−)-limonene. Fungal inoculation significantly increased the enantiomeric ratio of (−)-α-pinene and (−)-limonene 1 month after treatment, whereas MJ only increased that of (−)-limonene. One year after treatment, both MJ and fungal inoculation increased the concentration of most terpenes relative to undisturbed control trees, with significant changes in (−)-β-pinene, (−)-β-phellandrene and some other compounds. Terpene levels did not change in untreated stem sections after treatment, and chemical induction by MJ and C. polonica thus seemed to be restricted to the treated stem section. The enantiomeric ratio of (−)-α-pinene was significantly higher and the relative proportions of (−)-limonene were significantly lower in trees that were attractive to bark beetles compared to unattractive trees. One month after fungal inoculation, the total amount of diterpenes was significantly higher in putative resistant trees with shorter lesion lengths than in putative susceptible trees with longer lesions. Thus, terpene composition in the stem bark may be related to resistance of Norway spruce against I. typographus and C. polonica.
Sammendrag
The anamorph genus Leptographium Lagerberg and Melin includes species that are typically bark beetleassociated fungi, with teleomorphs in Grosmannia. During a survey of ophiostomatoid fungi in Norway, two unusual species, that fit the broader morphological description of Leptographium, were isolated directly from the rootfeeding beetles, Dryocetes authographus and Hylastes cunicularius, as well as from roots infested by these insects. The first of these could be distinguished from other described species based on a sparse sporulation, black spore drops and chlamydospores in older cultures. This species also produces a Hyalorhinocladiella synanamorph. The second species was characterised by distinctly curved conidia. Based on these unusual morphological characteristics and distinct DNA sequences, these fungi were recognised as new taxa for which the names Leptographium chlamydatum sp. nov. and L. curvisporum sp. nov. are provided.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
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Hvordan tilpasser trærne seg til klimaendringer? Hva gjør de for å forsvare seg mot sopp- og insektangrep? Hvilken vei vandret grana inn i Norge etter siste istid? Hvordan påviser vi nye sykdommer på trær, eller begynnende råte i trebygninger? Og hvordan kan granas verste fi ende hjelpe oss med å lage framtidens biodrivstoff? Dette er noen av spørsmålene Skog og landskaps forskere stiller seg. I mange tilfeller er moderne bioteknologi en del av løsningen. På Skog og landskap bruker vi ulike bioteknologiske metoder for å løse forskningsoppgaver innen blant annet skoghelse, treteknologi, genetikk og økologi. Denne brosjyren forteller deg mer om våre forskningsaktiviteter knyttet til bioteknologi. Ordet bioteknologi blir ofte brukt synonymt med molekylærbiologi, genteknologi og molekylærgenetikk, og er en integrert del av moderne biologisk forskning. Dyr, planter, sopp eller mikroorganismer som bakterier og virus, eller DNAet (arvestoffet) fra disse, brukes til å produsere nye produkter. Ølbrygging er et tidlig eksempel på bioteknologi, og stiklingsformering av trær og andre nytteplanter er en eldgammel form for kloning. Brosjyre fra Skog og landskap, 3/2010.
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Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Today the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus is always univoltine in Northern Europe including Norway and completes development from egg to adult between May and August. Further south in Europe, development is bivoltine with the completion of two generations in most years. A temperature-driven developmental model suggests that by 2070-2100 the voltinism of I. typographus will change dramatically in Norway. If summers become only 2.5°C warmer than today bivoltinism can be expected every single year in the major spruce growing areas in S-Norway. This is likely to have dramatic effects on forestry since two generations per year will give two, instead of one, attack periods each summer. In addition to increasing the number of attacked trees the effect of the attacks may also be more severe, as Norway spruce is more susceptible to beetle attacks later in the summer. However, climate change will probably also change the phenology of Norway spruce and thus its susceptibility to attack by I. typographus and its phytopathogenic fungal associates. We are currently modelling how tree resistance varies with temperature and tree phenology in order to provide more well-founded advice to forest managers on the interaction between bark beetles and tree in a future climate.
Forfattere
Maria Herrero Brita ToppeSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Brita Toppe May Bente Brurberg Arne Stensvand Maria HerreroSammendrag
Rapportering om første funn av aggressiv bladskimmel (Plasmopara obducens) i lisespringsfrø (Impatiens walleriana).