Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Habtamu AlemSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Habtamu AlemSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Smallholder farmers are reverting to traditional production methods due to the high opportunity costs and unintended consequences of new technologies. This study focuses on row planting technology, which is labor-intensive and slow without mechanized operations. Data from 224 nonadopters and 237 adopters of row planting were analyzed using ordinary least squares and instrumental variable techniques. The results show varying effects of row planting on yield and income across different agroecological zones, with labor use being endogenously determined. Comparing labor requirements, we found that row planting demands an additional 14.79 man-hours per acre over broadcasting seeds. The current dissemination approach of sustainable intensification technologies such as row planting prioritizes yield-enhancing technologies over mechanization, hindering adoption. We propose integrating small-scale mechanization, such as small-scale planters and harvesters, to reduce labor hours and promote sustainable intensification technology adoption.
Forfattere
Habtamu AlemSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Jon Kristian Sommerseth S. Shrestha M. MacLeod Agnar Hegrenes Bjørn Gunnar Hansen Ragnar SalteSammendrag
Rearing of replacement heifers makes up a significant part of the total costs in dairy farming. Nevertheless, the average age at first calving for dairy heifers still stays well above 2 years in many countries. This study examined the economic and environmental impacts of increased heifer growth rates and reduced replacement rates on Norwegian dairy farms. The current average growth rate in Norway (baseline scenario) was compared to an accelerated growth rate scenario. Within each of the two growth rate scenarios, we compared three different cow replacement rates. A farm account survey dataset containing physical and economic data on 311 Norwegian farms was clustered into three farm groups: small, medium, and large. To model economic consequences, we used the whole-farm linear programming model ScotFarm. A life cycle analysis model was used to model the environmental impacts of the baseline scenario and an accelerated growth rate scenario on the three farm groups. Accelerated heifer growth rate had a positive effect (14–28%) on farm annual gross margin depending on farm size. While accelerated growth rate resulted in only minor reductions in total emissions at farm level compared to the baseline scenario, reduced replacement rate lowered total farm level emissions by up to 8%, and emissions per unit of output by up to 6%. We conclude that an accelerated heifer growth rate scenario could potentially increase farm gross margin by some 14–28% compared with a baseline growth rate scenario. Reducing the replacement rate would be more efficient to reduce farm−level greenhouse gas emissions.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
This paper asks whether, and if so how, it is possible to design a system characterised by coordination across sectors and levels of governance aimed at governing AMR. The ambition is, firstly, to analyse how coordination problems materialise in the governing of the AMR problem, and secondly, with an emphasis on the structure of decision-making and communication processes, to probe into how coordination of AMR governance is achieved. The paper’s focus is on Norway, which stands out as one of the better performing countries for AMR governance. Drawing on literature on coordination and governance, the paper argues that effective coordination of AMR governance is more likely to follow a ‘bottom-up’ sequencing pattern. It thus provides a study of the systems for governing AMR in a multi-level setting. Through public documents, literature and interviews with key officials involved in AMR management, the paper illustrates the importance of – and organisational barriers to – inter-sectoral cooperation and coordinated strategies and actions at different levels of governance.