Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2004
Forfattere
Ove BergersenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ove BergersenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Rapporten beskriver resultater fra en undersøkelse av potetcystnematoders overlevelse under kompostering. Resultatene viser at en liten andel av nematodene kan overleve kompostering ved temperaturer over 60 ºC. Imidlertid var ingen formeringsevne hos juveniler fra komposterte cyster, selv i soner av komposten hvor temperaturen kun hadde nådd ca. 50 ºC i noen få timer.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
2003
Sammendrag
Several biocells varying from 100 m3 to about 8000 tons have been established at waste treatment locations in Norway since 1998. We studied biocells by characterizing the waste material by degradation, gas and leachate emission and post-treatment potential, by taking several samples distributed in space and time. Field sample analyses were water content, leachate temperature, redox conditions, oxygen content, electrical conductivity and pH, and gas temperature, O2, CH4 and CO2 concentrations. Waste samples were drilled up by a 10-inch auger down to 6 m depth. The collected samples were analyzed and used for composting experiments. The temperature in the biocelles varied between 10 to 14 ºC in the period from august to December. The waste was characterised as completely or slightly completely degraded after 4 years of biocell storage/treatment, based on "Rotte-test" and respirometer analyses. Microbial analyses showed that the material was free from salmonella, but contained some thermotolerant colibacteria in the most degraded part. Samples from the slightly degraded waste were also free from thermotolerant colibacteria. None of the waste samples showed any inhibition against the germination of plants. The temperature in the most degraded material did not increase significantly during composting. This material can thus not be treated aerobically after removal from the biocell, ie. for reducing pathogens. The factors leachate strenght measured as electrical conductivity, BOD and C/N-ratio best explained the methane content of the biogas in each sampling point. A total production of 593 t landfill gas has been measured from the large biocell. The annual mean methane concentration increased from 28 to 56%, with an overall mean of 48%. This gives a 21% degradation of organic carbon in four years, based on certain assumptions on the incoming waste. The estimated degradation of organic matter is between 50% and 75% in four years.
Sammendrag
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is known to be a major odourant in landfills. We have studied H2S production from landfill residual waste with and without added sulphur as waste from plasterboards. We also studied the influence of water content in the waste. The lab experiments were conducted in 30-l plastic containers with controlled water level. We also studied the effectiveness of different reactive layers to remove H2S. The organic waste produced H2S in the order of 40 ppm over a period of 80 days. When plasterboard was added, the H2S production with a high water level increased to 800 ppm after a lag period of about 40 days, and to about 100 ppm after 50 days with low water content. The CH4 concentration in the initial experiment increased to 55% to 70% after 80 days. The CH4 concentration in the second experiment increased to nearly 70% in the container with high water content, slowly declining to nearly 60% between 20 and 60 days. In the container with low water content the CH4 concentration increased to 60% and stayed nearly constant. In the container with high water level a decline in the CH4 concentration was observed coinciding with a presence of CO. The results from the experiments with reactive layers were not available before submitting the proceeding.
Sammendrag
Summary (English) Pharmaceuticals such as ibuprofen, carbamacepin and naproxen and the endocrine disrupters bisphenol A and nonylphenol are found in leachates from Norwegian municipal landfills. Ibuprofen and the musk compounds tonalid and galaxolide were found in all samples, but the concentration in the old, inactive part of the landfill was particularly high. The endocrine distruptors bisphenol A and nonylphenol were also detected in all samples, and the concentrations in two water samples taken downstream the landfill, were in the same range as found in the old part. The PAHs found in the leachates were methyl substituted naphtahalen, biphenyl, acenapthylene, acenapthene, fluorene and phenanthrene. All samples were filtrated (< 0,5 ?m) before analysis. Filtrates from two wells were analyzed to measure transportable organic pollutants. Most of the PAH compounds were detected both in filtrate of water sample from the new, active part of the landfill and filtrate of influent water to the treatment plant which is located 200 m downstream the landfill. This was also the case for the polycyclic musk compounds and bisphenol A. Nonylphenol was detected only in the filtrate from samples in the new landfill.
Forfattere
Roald SørheimSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ove BergersenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Carl-Einar Amundsen Roar LinjordetSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag