Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Forfattere
Martha Kandziora Diana L. A. Vásquez Christian Brochmann Abel Gizaw Seid A Lovisa S Gustafsson Desalegn Chala Gelete Mercè Galbany‐Casals Filip Kolář Petr Sklenář Nicolai M. Nürk Roswitha SchmicklSammendrag
Aim Species coexistence is based on resource partitioning and modulates biodiversity patterns across climates, latitudes and altitudes. Resource partitioning can occur via niche size or separation in the geographic range or ecological niche. While resource partitioning promotes biodiversity, the impact of different partitioning strategies on species richness remains largely unexplored. Location Two ecosystems with similar climates and ages are the species‐rich tropical alpine ecosystem in the South American Andes and the more species‐poor tropical alpine ecosystem in the eastern African mountains. Time Period Present‐day distribution and climatic conditions, integrating phylogenetic information extending back to the last 7 million years maximum. Major Taxa Studied Six lineages from the Asterales; three in each ecosystem, respectively. Methods We test whether geographic range and climatic niche partitioning strategies may explain differences in species richness between two ecosystems. We combine phylogenomic data with occurrence records and estimate metrics of size and overlap for climatic niche and geographic range. Results We show that the Andean species have larger climatic niches than the African species, suggesting that niche size is not explaining higher species richness in the Andes. Instead, a striking pattern for species with overlapping geographic ranges emerged: the Andean species show less climatic niche overlap than the African species, indicating more effective niche separation among Andean species. Main Conclusions We hypothesise that differences in resource partitioning, specifically increased niche separation among geographically overlapping species in the Andes compared to the eastern African mountains, contribute to the species richness difference between these tropical alpine biodiversity hotspots.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
I forbindelse med regulering av et område til næringsformål på Deli i Vestby kommune er det behov for matjordplan for til sammen ca. 57 daa dyrket mark, dyrkbar jord og skog på gnr/bnr. 3/53 og 2/64 i Vestby kommune. Landbruksforvaltningen i Follo skal godkjenne matjordplanen. Jordloven §§ 1 og 9 slår fast at ved omdisponering av god matjord bør jordressursene bevares. Rapporten vurderer jordas egenskaper, hydrologiske forhold, fremmede karplanter, planteskadegjørere samt andre forhold av betydning for jordflytting, og gir anbefalinger for bruk og håndtering av massene. Det ble foretatt feltarbeid og befaringer i mai, juni, september, oktober, november og desember 2025. Matjordlaget er lettleire med varierende tykkelse, undergrunnen består av mellomleire og stiv leire. Jordsmonnet har generelt svært god kvalitet for matproduksjon, men enkelte områder mangler matjordlag, særlig i tidligere skogsområder. Eiendommene er ikke registrert i floghavreregisteret og er fri for PCN. Det ble funnet flere fremmede arter blant annet hønsehirse. Håndtering av høyrisikoarter må gjøres i henhold til gjeldende regelverk for å forhindre spredning. Det finnes hønsehirse på begge foreslåtte mottaksarealer. Det er beskrevet fire mulige tilflyttingsarealer hvor to av dem er uaktuelle. Areal 2 og 4 er egnet for mottak av matjord og B-sjiktmasser, mens areal 1 og 3 er uegnet grunnet terreng og dreneringsforhold. Totalt kan ca. 14 265 m³ matjord og 31 025 m³ B-sjiktmasser flyttes. Rapporten gir veiledning for å håndtere belyste kritiske faktorer for å oppnå godt resultat. Oppfølging av entreprenører som utfører arbeidet er nødvendig.
Sammendrag
I juli 2025 vart vegetasjonen reanalysert i 13 makroflater (5 × 10 m) i Kloppemyrane og Sørværet naturreservat i Vestland. Oppmerkinga frå 2009 mangla i stor grad, og flatene vart derfor merkte opp på nytt før registreringane. Vegetasjonen vart undersøkt i fem 0,5 × 0,5 m vegetasjonsruter i kvar flate. Målet var å kartleggje tilstand og endringar over 16 år i truga oseaniske naturtypar – atlantisk høgmyr og kystlynghei/nedbørsmyr – og vurdere påverknad frå N-deposisjon, tidlegare inngrep og skjøtsel. Resultata viser generell stabilitet, utan systematiske endringar. Observerte forskjellar skuldast i hovudsak truleg posisjonsavvik grunna ny oppmerking. I Kloppemyrane er artsmangfaldet stabilt, med forskjellar for nokre artar. Flyfoto viser aukande furutettleik sidan 1967, særleg i aust, truleg driven av tidlegare inngrep, klimaendringar og N-deposisjon. Fjerning av grusfylling har gjeve positiv hydrologisk effekt, men hogst og mogleg støv-/næringssig kan utgjere risiko for myrkanten i aust. I Sørværet er var artsmangfaldet høgare i 3 av 6 makroflatar i 2025. Lyngbrenning i vestleg del av reservatet har skapt god suksesjonsmosaikk og beitekvalitet, medan områder i austleg del utan skjøtsel har degenererande, vedaktig røsslyng og lågare beitebruk.
Forfattere
Eirik Gottschalk BalloSammendrag
One of the key challenges we face today is the changing climate and its environmental impacts, affecting all life on Earth. Examining historical human responses to climate crises provides insights into resilience and adaptability. Robust data is essential for studying past climate and environmental changes effectively. European climate records covering the past 2000 years reveal a prolonged cooling period, known as the Dark Ages Cooling Period (c. 300–800 CE), punctuated by a pronounced cooling in the mid-6th century. Studies show that these cold intervals are more complex and regionally varied than previously believed. In the 6th century in Norway, archaeological evidence points to crop failures, famine, farm abandonment and changes in social organization in some regions, while others experienced minimal impact during these cold periods. However, southeastern Norway lacks detailed high-resolution paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental reconstructions, limiting our ability to fully understand these events. This thesis aims to enhance understanding of climate, environmental, and societal dynamics in southeastern Norway over the past 2000 years, focusing on the Dark Ages Cold Period (c. 300–800 CE), through sediment analysis from Lake Sagtjernet and Lake Ljøgottjern in southeastern Norway. We introduce a μCT scan method for varve counting for Lake Sagtjernet, establishing the first varve chronology from a Norwegian lake, covering c. 4023 years. This chronology enables the first paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental reconstruction from Norwegian varved lake sediments. This reconstruction reveals 2000 years of temperature variability, highlighting a major cooling event—the largest in 2000 years—that aligns with the 6th century cooling event. However, sparse settlements in the first millennium complicate climate impact interpretation at Lake Sagtjernet, while the last millennium shows increased human activities during both warm and cold periods. Reconstructed temperatures between 200 and 1300 CE from Lake Ljøgottjern indicate a notably colder period from 300 to 800 CE, compared to the periods before (200–300 CE) and after (800–1300 CE), identified as the Dark Ages Cold Period. Temperature fluctuations within this cold period significantly influenced agricultural strategies at the more populated Lake Ljøgottjern. Warmer intervals favoring crop cultivation and colder intervals prompting a shift towards livestock farming, illustrating the impact of climatic conditions on societal development.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anne Friederike BorchertSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Karin Juul Hesselsøe Anne Friederike Borchert Trond Olav Pettersen Kristoffer Herland Hellton Trygve S. AamlidSammendrag
Ice encasement (IE) is one of the big challenges in winter stress management on golf course putting greens in Northern Scandinavia. The turfgrass is damaged due to lack of oxygen (hypoxia or anoxia) and accumulation of toxic by‐products of anaerobic respiration. Breeding IE‐tolerant turfgrass species and varieties is the best defense against these challenges. A method to simulate ice encasement was tested to screen selected varieties of winter‐hardy bentgrass species and red fescue subspecies. Note that 32 varieties were chosen from the SCANGREEN trial seeded at NIBIO Landvik, Norway, in 2019. Samples were taken in December 2020, 2021, and 2022, vacuum sealed in plastic, and stored in darkness at 0.5°C for up to 77 days to test them for their tolerance to simulated ice encasement (SIE). Samples were incubated at different intervals; plants were potted, and tiller survival was tested after 4 weeks of regrowth. Lethal duration of ice encasement (LD 50 ) that is, the number of days under anoxia that kills 50% of the plant population for each species and variety was calculated. The results showed that the ranking of cool season turfgrass species for tolerance to SIE was velvet bentgrass > Chewings fescue > slender creeping red fescue = colonial bentgrass > creeping bentgrass. This ranking does not fully reflect the ranking found in field tests where velvet bentgrass was superior together with creeping bentgrass. SIE caused a more rapid development of anoxia than IE in the field, and we hypothesize that creeping bentgrass is less tolerant to these conditions compared to the other species tested. To make the SIE method more representative for IE in field, it should be further adapted with incubation at lower temperatures, and with acclimation conditions to be standardized prior to sampling. Within species, the best tolerance to IE was found in velvet bentgrass Nordlys, creeping bentgrass Penncross, Chewings fescue Lykke, and slender creeping red fescue Cezanne.
Sammendrag
The primary benefits of turfgrass sod include rapid greenery and soil coverage, but its production causes concerns about soil losses at production sites. Soil adheres to the grass root system during harvesting and is removed from the sod farm, which in the long run might lead to soil degradation on the sod farm. In this study, we investigated sod thickness and the removal of organic and mineral matter when harvesting 24 fields representing 12 Norwegian sod farms in 2022 and 2023. On each field, 10 sod strips were randomly chosen, and five sod plugs were collected from each strip. Sod thickness was measured using a sliding gauge. Sod mineral matter (SMM: soil and thatch mineral matter) and sod organic matter (SOM: soil and thatch organic matter) contents were quantified by loss on ignition at 550°C. Management and field properties were also documented. Results showed an average amount of mineral matter in the sod strips of 36 Mg ha −1 for all fields but with significant variation among fields ( p < 0.001). The average SOM content was 10 Mg ha −1 . Mean sod thickness was 15.4 mm and had a strong correlation with SOM ( r = 0.8) but only a moderate correlation with SMM ( r = 0.6). Soil water content and surface hardness at harvest affected sod thickness and SMM only slightly. Sod harvesters with twin heads harvested significantly thicker sod strips and removed more mineral matter than harvesters with single cutting heads. Soil texture did not have a significant impact on sod thickness or mineral matter removal.