Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
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2009
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Forfattere
Ole Martin Eklo Randi Bolli Jens Kværner Tore Sveistrup Frauke Hofmeister Eivind Solbakken Nick Jarvis Fredrik Stenemo Eirik Romstad Borghild Glorvigen Tor Anton GurenSammendrag
Contribution of pollution from pesticides is often located to minor areas within a field. Areas with coarse textured materials in the soil profile often represent "hot spots" with high risk of leaching, but also areas with example structured clay soils may be "hot spots". Other areas can be slopes or bottoms in depressions on plateaus were water can be ponded in wet periods or in springtime before the frost has disappeared from the soil profile. If pesticides with high risk of leaching were avoided on these areas, the contribution to groundwater pollution could be reduced extensively. Up to now limited information or tools have been developed for farmers to identify these areas. In a newly completed project, tools for groundwater and surface water protection was developed and evaluated. Three different types of tools have been developed: Topographical maps, risk tables and risk maps. Micro-topographical maps were developed to identify depressions and other vulnerable areas representing high risk of leaching and runoff. Tables of pesticide leaching risk to drainage and groundwater were derived from model simulations in spring cereals and potatoes with the mostly used plant protection strategies on the most common soil types for the areas. A meta-model was used for calculation of pesticide concentrations in groundwater and drainage water, coupled with digital soil maps and presented by Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Farmers from two areas evaluated the usefulness of these tools.Generally the farmers" attitudes to the new tools were positive, but this type of information should be integrated in already existing planning tools at the farm, like fertilizer planning. The project produces large amounts of information and an electronic presentation readily understood and easy to follow is important. In some cases different soil types and topography within the farm represented different risk of leaching. In such cases, it is necessary to easily find pesticides to be used for all areas to avoid time consuming washing and change of equipment.
Forfattere
Ole Martin Eklo Randi Bolli Jens Kværner Tore Sveistrup Frauke Hofmeister Eivind Solbakken Nick Jarvis Eirik Romstad Borghild Glorvigen Tor Anton Guren Stein Sorknes Ivar Solberg Terje HaraldsenSammendrag
I et nylig avsluttet prosjekt er det laget tre ulike verktøy som viser risiko for utlekking av plantevernmidler fra ulike arealer ved å kombinere terrengdata med simuleringer av utlekking av ulike plantevernmidler fra ulike arealtyper. De ulike verktøyene er testet ut i forhold til anvendelighet for brukerne.
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This paper reports a study on soil development in loamy marine sediments on both sides of the Oslofjord (Vestfold, Ostfold). This region has been subject to steady glacio-isostatic uplift during the whole Holocene. Hence, land surface age continuously increases from the coast inland. Several sea level curves, based on radiocarbon datings, enable estimation of land surface age for all locations. Clay illuviation starts in less than 1650 years. E horizons become lighter with age, but their lower boundary stays around 40 cm for more than 10 000 years. Albeluvic tongues develop between 4600 and 6200 years. Initially, they form along intersections of cracks. As preferential flow and leaching along the cracks continues, the tongues increase in length and width, progressively consuming the prisms between the cracks in the upper Bt horizon. The Fe-d/Fe-t ratios (weighted means of the upper meter) show a clear linear increase with soil age and may be used for "pedo-dating", i.e. for estimating the ages of non-dated land surfaces covered with similar sediments. In contrast, the logarithmic decrease of base saturation and pH, with rapid changes in the first time but only very slight changes between 2000 and 10 000 years, makes these parameters unsuitable for "pedo-dating". (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.
2008
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Forfattere
Elling MjaavattenSammendrag
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