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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2010

Sammendrag

Bjørnebær er viltveksande langs store delar av kysten i Sør-Noreg. Det er fleire rustsoppartar som går på ville bjørnebær, men også kultiverte bjørnebærplanter får angrep. Som regel er det berre på blada ein finn rust, men i 2008 vart det også funne store skadar på fleire skot på ei tornefri bjørnebærplante i ein hage i Ås kommune.

Sammendrag

Breispreiing aukar tørkefarten mykje. Etter eitt døger er skilnaden i tørrstoff mellom smal streng og brei streng 5 -10 prosenteiningar. Sjansane for vellukka fortørking i vått klima aukar. Skilnader i surfôrkvalitet er påvist. Fordelar med raskare tørking må vegast opp mot auka kostnader ved bruk av rive, og auka risiko for dårlegare hygiene.Les/last ned PDF av artikkel under "Les meir" til høgre.

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Sammendrag

Riparian forests (RF) growing along streams, rivers and lakes comprise more than 2% of the forest area in the Nordic countries (considering a 10 m wide zone from the water body). They have special ecological functions in the landscape. They receive water and nutrients from the upslope areas, are important habitats for biodiversity, have large soil carbon stores, but may emit more greenhouse gases (GHG) than the uplands. In this article, we present a review of the environmental services related to water protection, terrestrial biodiversity, carbon storage and greenhouse gas dynamics provided by RF in the Nordic countries. We discuss the benefits and trade-offs when leaving the RF as a buffer against the impacts from upland forest management, in particular the impacts of clear cutting. Forest buffers are effective in protecting water quality and aquatic life, and have positive effects on terrestrial biodiversity, particularly when broader than 40 m, whereas the effect on the greenhouse gas exchange is unclear.

Sammendrag

Mitokondrielt DNA (mtDNA) forekommer i høyt kopitall i celler, og viser sekvenser med høy spesifisitet for ulike arter. Vi har utviklet en multiplex PCR-analyse for mtDNA for rødrev (Vulpes vulpes), elg (Alces alces), rein (Rangifer tarandus), grevling (Meles meles) og mårhund (Nyctereutes procyonoides). Multipleks mtDNA-assayet ble anvendt til analyse av 344 bjørne-negative ekskrementer fra innsamlingen til overvåkning av brunbjørn i Västerbotten i Sverige i 2009. Vi har tidligere rapportert påvisning av brunbjørn-DNA i 997 (74 %) av 1341 ekskrementprøver fra denne innsamlingen i felten i 2009. Multipleks mtDNA-testen viste at rødrev (7,4 %) og elg (4,4 %) var de hyppigst forekommende forvekslingsartene i denne feltinnsamlingen. I tillegg ble det påvist grevling, rein og mårhund i et mindre antall prøver. Blandinger av to eller tre arter ble påvist i 60 prøver (4,5 %), og årsaken til dette kan være påvisning av byttedyr-DNA i ekskrementene fra kjøttetere. I så fall er andelen rødrevekskrementer blant forvekslingene høyere (~10 %) enn det som ble påvist fra prøver med utvetydig artsidentitet alene (7,4 %). Samlet viser denne studien at arten kunne bestemmes for 1233 (997 brunbjørn og 236 annen art, totalt 92 %) av 1341 ekskrementer samlet inn i Västerbotten i 2009.

Sammendrag

The agricultural sector contributes about 9 % of the officially reported GHG emissions in Norway, and about 13 % when the estimated CO2 losses from peat and arable soils are included. N2O, CH4 and CO2 make up comparable amounts of the emissions. N2O emissions are estimated at 2.1 million tonnes (Mt) CO2 equivalents, originating in fertilizers in soil, livestock manure, runoff, N fixation, residual crops, NH3 in precipitation, and mineralisation of organic soils. CH4 emissions are calculated at 2.2 Mt CO2 equivalents, of which 85 % originates in enteric fermentation of ruminants and 15 % in farmyard manure. CO2 emissions are estimated at 2.7 Mt CO2 equivalents, and include degradation of organic soils (1.8 Mt), C loss from mineral arable soils (0.5 Mt) and fossil fuel combustion (0.4 Mt). The estimates for N2O and CO2 from soils are very uncertain.

Sammendrag

For several decades, current-season needle necrosis (CSNN) has been a serious foliage disorder on noble fir (Abies procera) and Nordmann fir (A. nordmanniana) in European and North American Christmas tree and bough plantations. Randomly distributed needles in the new foliage develop chlorotic spots or bands that later may turn necrotic and cause heavy needle cast. We isolated Sydowia polyspora from symptomatic Nordmann fir needles from Austria, Denmark, Germany, Norway, Slovakia, and the U.S., and from Nordmann fir seeds produced in Austria, Denmark, Georgia, and Russia. We also isolated the fungus from noble, Turkish (A. bornmulleriana), grand (A. grandis), and subalpine (A. lasiocarpa) fir needles, and from noble and subalpine fir seeds. Furthermore, S. polyspora was isolated from needles with a missing wax layer around the stomata. Inoculation tests with S. polyspora produced CSNN symptoms on Nordmann fir seedlings and transplants. CSNN spread from tree to tree in a trial in a plastic tunnel in Norway.

Sammendrag

The use of wrasse (F. Labridae) as biological cleaner-fish in the control of salmon lice has been demonstrated in a number of studies and they are successfully used on a large scale, with over two million wrasse being caught and stocked annually, in commercial salmon farms in Norway.  Increasingly, efforts are being made to produce commercial stocks of wrasse for use on farms and an EU Northern Periphery Project entitled "Ecofish" has been established to develop the technologies for spawning and rearing the most promising cleaner fish, ballan wrasse, in captivity with dedicated production hatcheries will be established in Ireland, Norway and Scotland.  This project will also look into the management of ballan wrasse in salmon cages in order to achieve the effective removal of lice.  As part of the Ecofish work programme, this study examined the embryonic development of Ballan wrasse using material from a series of spawnings in Ireland and Norway. The overall development from fertilization to hatch was monitored and recorded and a standardized series of developmental stages are assigned, from zygote through cleavage, blastulation, gastrulation, segmentation to hatching: each with specific morphological landmarks. This standardization and the synchronization of the developmental stages will facilitate future studies with the species as we may be better able to compare the development rate of different geographic stocks and under different environmental conditions.  The developing embryo was also staged at three different incubation temperatures; 10.5oC, 12.9 oC, and 16.5 oC with 50% hatched occurring at 171, 121 ands 96 hours post fertilisation respectively.