Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2011
Forfattere
Jon Anders Stavang Henrik TellevikSammendrag
Friske bringebær til konsum er ei attraktiv vare som blir etterspurd året rundt. Med produksjonsklare bringebærplanter (langskot) kan ein produsere bringebær utanfor frilandssesongen i veksthus eller i plasttunnelar. Då er prisane gode og berekningar viser at denne produksjonen kan verte ein lønsam måte å produsere bringebær på. Prismessig konkurrerer ein då med importbær. I 2009 vart det produsert over 2 500 tonn bringebær i Noreg, og av dette gjekk om lag 800 tonn til friskkonsum. Vi har lite erfaring med dyrking av produksjon av bringebær på langskot utanfor sesong i veksthus. Denne dyrkingsvegleiaren er utvikla over tre år (2009-2011) og byggjer på forskingsresultat som har kome fram i prosjekt støtta av Noregs Forskingsråd, Gartnerhallen, to prosjekt støtta av Innovasjon Noreg, og Regionalt Forskningsfond Vestlandet (BRINGINN). Bioforsk Ullensvang og Norsk Landbruksrådgjeving har fått økonomisk støtte frå Fylkesmannen si landbruksavdeling i Hordaland til å skrive denne rettleiinga. Vi rettar ei særleg takksemd til Bjørkevoll Gartneri som har gjort ein vesentleg eigeninnsats for å utvikle denne produksjonen, og dermed bidrege til denne rettleiaren.
Forfattere
Jon Anders Stavang Henrik TellevikSammendrag
Friske bringebær til konsum er ei attraktiv vare som blir etterspurd året rundt. Med produksjonsklare bringebærplanter (langskot) kan ein produsere bringebær utanfor frilandssesongen i veksthus eller i plasttunnelar. Då er prisane gode og berekningar viser at denne produksjonen kan verte ein lønsam måte å produsere bringebær på. Prismessig konkurrerer ein då med importbær. I 2009 vart det produsert over 2 500 tonn bringebær i Noreg, og av dette gjekk om lag 800 tonn til friskkonsum. Vi har lite erfaring med dyrking av bringebær på langskot utanfor sesong i veksthus. Denne dyrkingsvegleiaren er utvikla over tre år (2009-2011) og byggjer på forskingsresultat som har kome fram i prosjekt støtta av Noregs Forskingsråd, BAMA, Gartnerhallen, to prosjekt støtta av Innovasjon Noreg og eitt prosjekt støtta av Regionalt Forskningsfond Vestlandet (BRINGINN).
Sammendrag
Styrt beitedrift ved bruk av inngjerding kan være en løsning for å unngå store tap til rovvilt. Det er imidlertid en oppfatning at denne driftsformen kan være en utfordring med hensyn til dyrevelferd, helse og kjøttproduksjon. I løpet av en tre-års periode har Bioforsk Nord Tjøtta kartlagt åtte sauebesetninger med tilhørende fem beiteområder i Indre Namdal, som benytter denne driftsformen. Målet med prosjektet er å finne en god balanse mellom arealgrunnlaget og dyretall ved hjelp av estimering av beitekapasitet, og velferdsvurdering av sauene for å sikre god dyrevelferd og tilfredsstillende kjøttproduksjon på inngjerdete beitearealer. Dette prosjektet viser at det er mulig å oppnå tilfredsstillende dyrevelferd og produksjonsresultater på inngjerdet beite men at det krever en del oppfølging av dyrene i beitesesongen, spesielt med hensyn til parasittproblematikk og beitetilgang.
Redaktører
Tonje Økland Nurbek Kuldanbaev Odd EilertsenSammendrag
The collapse of the Soviet Union in the Central Asian countries has led to enormous challenges for them in ensuring a sustainable environment. Weak economies and lack of expertise in environmental sciences were important reasons for the Norwegian support to the environmental sector in this region. The State Forest Service of the Kyrgyz Republic and the Norwegian Forestry Group initiated the TEMP project, later renamed TEMP-CA, in the Kyrgyz Republic in 2004. Activities in the Republic of Tajikistan were included in 2007 and in the Republic of Uzbekistan from 2008.
Sammendrag
Two new species of Schistidium Bruch & Schimp., S. riparium H.H.Blom, Shevock, D.G.Long & Ochyra, and S. mucronatum H.H.Blom, Shevock, D.G.Long & Ochyra, are described and illustrated. They occur in rheophytic habitats in China, S. riparium in the southern Hengduan Mountains in Yunnan Province (Lancang Jiang and Nu Jiang catchments) and S. mucronatum from further north, on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau of Sichuan and Qinghai Provinces (Jinsha Jiang and Huang He catchments). The affinities of the new species are discussed and on the basis of their concave and broadly canaliculate leaves with plane and erect margins, S. riparium is tentatively placed in Schistidium Bruch & Schimp. subgen. Canalicularia Ochyra, whereas S. mucronatum on account of its keeled, ovate-lanceolate leaves and the strongly curved and twisted peristome teeth resembles very much species of sect. Apocarpiformia (Kindb.) Ochyra within subgen. Apocarpa Vilh.
Sammendrag
Due to sewage sludge application on soils, terrestrial ecosystems are very likely to be exposed to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and it is thus important to understand the behavior of Ag NPs once in contact with soil components. The aim of this work was to compare the behavior of silver under three forms, silver nitrate, citrate stabilized AgNPs (C-ANPs) and uncoated AgNPs (P-AgNPs), in two soils with contrasting organic matter content, and over time. The physical and chemical properties of the studied soils as well as the nanoparticles size, shape, crystallographic structure and specific surface area were characterized. Soil samples were spiked with silver nitrate, C-AgNPs or P-AgNPs, and let for ageing 2 hours, 2 days, 5 weeks or 10 weeks before they were submitted to sequential extraction. The ionic silver solution and the two AgNPs types were radiolabeled so that we could detect and quantify silver by gamma spectrometry by measuring the 110mAg tracer in the different sequential extraction fractions. We thereby obtained for each silver form, soil type and time point a distribution of silver in the different fractions. Silver was generally more mobile in the mineral soil, although the fractionation patterns were very different for the three silver types in both cases. Over 20% of the total C-AgNPs concentration were water soluble in both soils (<5% for AgNO3 and P-AgNPs) the first two days after spiking, but the fraction decreased to trace levels thereafter. This was compensated by an increase in the reducible fraction. Regarding P-AgNPs, 80% were not extractable at all, but contrary to AgNO3 and C-AgNPs, the water soluble and ion exchangeable fractions did not decrease over time in the mineral soil, and even increased in the organic soil.
Sammendrag
A rapid increase in the frequency of Dutch elm disease (DED), a wilting disease of elm trees caused by bark-beetle vectored fungi, was observed in the early 1990s on several wych elm stands around Oslofjord, southern Norway. To examine the current status of the disease and its impacts on elm population, disease frequency and size distribution of elms were recorded at four locations. Northern parts of Lier, a municipality most affected by DED in Norway 15 years ago, showed in the survey season 4% disease frequency, whereas 13.8% of trees were dead, the dead trees having accumulated over several years in the unmanaged stands. In southern parts of the municipality the mean disease and death percentages were 1.9 and 2.4%. Compatible with their low disease incidence in early 1990s, the other two areas now examined, municipality of Larvik and district of Grenland, showed comparably low frequency of DED. Northern part of Lier showed significantly higher overall density of elm trees per hectare than the other examined areas, and also the small elms below 5 cm in d.b.h. were most frequent in this region. In contrast, the density of large trees was lower in northern Lier than in the other examined areas. These data suggest that regeneration of the tree is not prohibited owing to the disease but that the large trees have been locally reduced in frequency as a result of DED. The superior general density of elm trees in northern Lier, owing to the exceptionally rich soil in the warm southern slopes of the region,> may have contributed to the rapid increase of DED in the area 15 years ago and to the subsequent settlement of the disease outbreak as a chronic stage.
Sammendrag
The Norwegian Public Road Adminstration (Statens vegvesen) is planning a new major road (E6) from Ringebu south to Otta in Gudbrandsdalen. A vegetation project for knowledge development concerning restoration and reestablishment of the vegetation were established in 2009, and accomplished by Bioforsk in cooperation with Vegetation adviser Tanaquil Enzensberger. Gudbrandsdalen with the river “Lågen” is a valley in the middle of southern Norway. The area belongs to the slightly continental section of south-boreal vegetation zone (Sb-C1), a phyto-geographical region which is rare in Norway and contains unique biological diversity. As an example we have the fern Diplazium sibiricum that grows in fertile hardwood forest and is classified as vulnerable (VU) on the National red list, the ligneous plant Salix triandra (VU) that grows on the river banks and the vascular plant Stellaria palustris (EN), prefering swamps on the fluvial-areas. In addition there are many threatened vascular plants connected to the cultural landscape, huge rocks with rare lichens and ravines with unique species communities in the forests. Climate, geology and vegetation of the area are described and different methods for conservation proposed. A method for decisions about which plant or plant communities to conserve by moving or propagation is suggested. Erosion, soil management, availability of phosphorus and nitrogen in the topsoil, alien and invasive species as well as restoration of wetlands are discussed. Five different methods for establishing vegetation are proposed. 1: Conventional sowing on cultivated and other disturbed sites. The seed mixture should be of local origin, but for the time being not accessable. 2: Natural revegetation from topsoil in forest areas, with the exception of forest soils high in plant nutrition, which requires special adjustments as mixing the soil with nutrient-poor forest soil or sowing. 3: Spontaneous revegetation without topsoil on one location with calcareous and coarse mineral soil and drought-tolerant vegetation, where the risk for contamination of weeds is low. 4: Donor-receptor method (“hay method”) for conservation of threatened seminatural meadows and creation of refuges for threatened plant species. 5: Vegetation-mat method (“turf roof method”) on one location with natural pasture containing vegetation of special interest. These five methods in combination with conservation of unique plants and plant communities will minimize the environmental impact of the road construction.
Sammendrag
Norwegian lamb meat production is mainly based on free grazing in mountainous pastures during the summer. Prior to slaughter in the autumn, some lambs not big enough for slaughter are finished on e.g. cultivated pastures. This study looked at the feed quality of different forages, and the effect on lamb meat quality. Lambs grazed on mountain pastures at Kvaløya in Northern Norway (69°N) and Sør-Fron in Mid Norway (58°N) in 2007, and a subgroup at each location was finished on cultivated pastures for 6 weeks prior to slaughter in September. The fiber content was significantly higher in the cultivated pasture in Mid Norway compared to the mountain pasture while no differences between pastures in Northern Norway were found. In Mid Norway the content of polyunsaturated fatty acid (18:3) was significantly higher in meat from lambs grazing the mountain pasture compared to lamb grazing the cultivated pasture. For Northern Norway, the opposite pattern was observed. The higher 18:3 content may be attributable to lower fiber content at the mountain pasture. In our study, there appears to be an effect of fiber content on the fatty acid composition in lamb meat.
Forfattere
Sigrun KværnøSammendrag
Rapporten presenterer kartlagt fosforstatus (P-AL) i jord i Vannområde Haldenvassdraget i Akershus/østfold. Statistiske analyser er basert på P-AL-verdi i jordprøver tatt ut i perioden 1990 - 2008. Mesteparten av dataene kommer fra Jorddatabanken ved Bioforsk, mens noe data er samlet inn av landbrukskontorene i fire Haldenvassdragskommuner. Jordprøvene er stedfestet ned på gårds- og bruksnummernivå. Prosentvis dekningsgrad av jordprøvetaking var 65 % i Haldenvassdraget. Variasjonsområdet for de ulike delområdene var 50 til 72 % dekningsgrad. Arealmessig manglet det mest data i delområdet Bjørkelangen. Bare 52 % av jordprøvene som de statistiske analysene og kartene var basert på, var fra 2000-tallet, og 21 % fra 2005 eller senere. P-AL i jord varierte mellom 0 og 71 mg/100 g jord i enkeltprøver, med en middelverdi på 10 mg P-AL/100 g jord for Haldenvassdraget (P-AL-klasse "middels til høyt", eller 8-10 mg/100 g). Delområdene hadde middelverdier mellom 8 og 11 mg/100 g jord. Prøver med P-AL ≥ 11 mg/100 g jord (motsvarer ingen P-gjødsling) utgjorde 29 % i Haldenvassdraget. Iddefjorden hadde størst andel P-AL ≥ 11 mg/100 g jord: 46 %.