Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Sammendrag
Some high density sweet cherry orchards in Norway suffer from decay of trees resulting in death or reduced vigour of trees. A survey monitoring healthy and infected trees from several orchards found differences between cultivars and rootstocks in sensitivity of tree decay. In order to investigate this cherry tree decay further, new field trials were established in 2002 with trees of the cultivar Van grafted on the two rootstocks Prunus avium seedling and Colt and trained as central leader trees. Two parallel trials were planted; one in the soil of an old cherry orchard and the other in the soil from agricultural land where no fruit production had been conducted in advance. During the first years significant larger annual vegetative growth measured as trunk girth, annual shoot growth and leaf areas were registered from the trees growing in the virgin soil. In the replanted cherry soil, trees grafted on the rootstock Colt grew more vigorously than the seedling rootstock based on leaf areas and shoot growth measurements. The rootstock Colt may be the answer for avoiding cherry replant diseases.
Sammendrag
Forsøk har synt at det mest vanlege dekkesystemet over søtkirsebær i Noreg kan nyttast både som eit alternativ og eit supplement til sprøytingar med kjemiske middel mot rotesoppar som angrip søtkirsebærfrukter.
Forfattere
Lars Olav BrandsæterSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Håkon BorchSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Espen Tangen Aarnes Geir Østereng Michael Schneider Toumo Ollila John D. C. Linnell John Odden Jenny Mattisson Vegar Pedersen Jon Ove Scheie Aleksander Rykov Anatoly Khokhlov Olga Makarova Natalia Polikarpova Askild Solberg Harri Norberg Valery Barcan Arnodd HåpnesSammendrag
Rovdyr har alltid vært et fascinerende tema, med evne til å skape stort engasjement. Rovdyr er også en kilde til konflikter, men konfliktnivået varierer sterkt mellom de ulike Barentslandene. Dette er blant annet forårsaket av store forskjeller i distriktspolitikk, forvaltningsstrategier og ertsatningspraksis mellom de fire landene. Rovdyrkonfliktene i Norge er et yndet tema for media, og noe som skaper sterke følelser hos flere enn de som mister sau og rein. NRK sitt Brennpunkt "Offerlammene" (januar 2008) med påfølgende debattprogram var et godt eksempel på dette. I årets Barentswatch ønsker vi blant annet å belyse forskjellene i forvaltningspolitikken i Barentsregionen ved å la forvaltningsmyndigheter i de respektive land skrive hver sin artikkel.
Forfattere
Tor Håkon SivertsenSammendrag
Climate change scenarios provide alternative plausible future climate for the planet, each being an example of what might happen under a particular set of assumptions. Scenarios are not specific predictions or forecasts. Scenarios provide starting points for examining questions about the uncertain future climate.Some of the main processes connected to exchange of energy of the atmosphere of the planet usually are connected to radiation of short wave and long wave electromagnetic radiation. The global albedo of the short wave radiation is one important parameter, and the processes connected of the greenhouse gases water vapour and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are extremely important elements of future scenarios.The total amount of output of fossil carbon into the atmosphere is of importance as well as the natural cycle of the carbon. Also there exist several important positive feedback systems. The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere is connected to the temperature of the air, or to be more specific the saturation vapour pressure of the water in the air is increasingly dependent on the temperature of the air. Usually a warm atmosphere then will contain more water vapour than a cold atmosphere, and this will make the atmosphere even warmer because water vapour is the most important greenhouse gas connected to long wave radiation.The ice cover of the Arctic and Antarctic regions as well as the glaciers in the high mountainous areas on the Earth are important for keeping the albedo of the short wave radiation of globe high. When the glaciers and the ice cover are melting, the albedo is decreasing and the consequence seems to be even more melting of ice.The ultimate worst case scenario seems to be that the ice cover and the glaciers of the planet melt down and the oceans receive all this water. The present situation seems to be like this:The total energy of short wave radiation, received by the planet: 100 unitsPlanetary albedo: 30%Total energy connected to the water cycle. 21 unitsAmount of yearly precipitation totally: 1000mmAverage residence time of a water molecule in the atmosphere: 10 daysTotal volume of ice on the planet: 33 x 106 km3 (~ 60 m of sea level equivalent)Total amount of CO2 in the atmosphere: 385 ppmIn order to understand the content and the challenge of the different scenarios I would like to know the value of the following parameters (every 5th year) of the scenarios:AlbedoTotal energy connected to the water cycleAmount of yearly precipitation totallyAverage residence time of a water molecule in the atmosphereTotal mass of ice on the planetTotal amount of CO2 in the atmosphere
Forfattere
Jerry Cross Catherine Baroffio Alberto Grassi David Hall Barbara Labanowska Slobodan Milenkovic Thilda Nilsson Margarita Shternshis Christer Torneus Nina Trandem Gabor VetekSammendrag
The sex pheromone of the raspberry cane midge has been identified and synthesised by East Malling Research and Natural Resourced Institute and has proved to be highly attractive and useful for pest monitoring. EMR coordinated a collaborative ring test of standard raspberry cane midge sex pheromone traps in 2006. The aims were to investigate the seasonal temporal pattern of the midge flight in different raspberry production regions of Europe and the relationship between the magnitude of catches and the numbers of eggs and larvae which developed subsequently in artificial splits in the primocane of untreated raspberry plantations. The standard raspberry cane midge sex pheromone trap used for the ring test consisted of a white delta trap containing a 20 x 20 cm sticky base and a rubber septum lure impregnated with 10 μg of the raspberry cane midge sex pheromone racemate. Pairs of traps, separated by >20 m, were deployed in the centre of raspberry plantations at a height of 0.5 m in Italy, Hungary, Norway, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Sweden, Switzerland, and the UK. The traps proved effective and easy to use for monitoring the flight of adult male raspberry cane midge. There were very large variations (> 30 fold) between plantations in total numbers of midges caught over the season, indicating plantations which are at comparatively low and high risk from the pest. Three generations of adult flight were apparent in Norway, Russia and Sweden and four generations in the central European countries with possibly 5 generations in Italy, though later generations were often difficult to distinguish. In the northern countries, the 1st generation first and peak flight occurred on Julian days 150 and 165, respectively, whereas in Italy the 1st generation first and peak flight occurred approximately on Julian days 110 and 130 respectively. The 1st generation flights occurred much earlier in polytunnel protected crops than in open field crops. Data obtained on the occurrence of larvae were variable in quality but a linear relationship between the peak numbers of males captured in the pheromone traps per week for a given generation (M) and the peak numbers of eggs and larvae per cm in splits in the primocanes for that generation subsequently (L) was apparent (L = 0.025 M; R2=0.61). A nominal threshold of 30 midges per trap per week had been proposed but the linear relationship derived indicates that this threshold, which would result in ~ 0.75 eggs + larvae/cm, is too high. In reality, the degree of larval infestation that occurs and the resultant severity of crop damage will depend on the numbers of natural splits in the crop. The ring test is being continued in several countries in 2007.
Sammendrag
Berry damage by the larva of raspberry beetle (Byturus tomentosus) is a major risk for growers of organic raspberry. The identification of two volatile compounds in raspberry flowers that are attractive to the beetle by scientists at SCRI has facilitated the idea of mass trapping as an alternative control method to using conventional insecticides. The challenges are to design efficient and user-friendly traps, and to document if and how such traps can reduce the number of ovipositing beetles sufficiently to get a low level of berry damage. These questions are being investigated as part of a large U.K. project (Defra HortLINK) which is developing IPDM (Integrated Pest and Disease Management) for protected raspberries. We here report the results from a cooperating Norwegian project in which the volatile ‘compound B" was used in pilot trials, 2003-2006. A combined collision-funnel trap from SCRI and AgriSense with the compound in a slow release lure attracted and killed a high number of raspberry beetles in the weeks before flowering, but more studies are needed to find a trap strategy that consistently leads to less berry damage. Norwegian organic fields are small, with large populations of raspberry beetle, and usually with wild raspberry growing nearby. A successful mass trapping strategy must therefore pay equal attention to immigrating and resident beetles.
Forfattere
Z. M. Azbukina Halvor B. GjærumSammendrag
Resultatene fra sammenlignende morfologiske studier av Aecidium lythri Dietel et Neger, 1899 (1900) beskrevet fra Chile på Lythrum hyssopifolia L og A. lythri Tranzschell, 1939 funnet i Øst-Asia på L. salicaria er presentert. De er like i sporemorfologi, men de kan lett skilles etter sorus størrelse og symptomer på blad av ulike arter i underslekten Lythrum. Basert på disse resultatene ble soppen fra Øst-Asia beskrevet som en ny varietet Aecidium lythri Dietel et Neger - var. asiaticum Azbukina et Gjærum.
Sammendrag
Presentasjon av resultata av kartlegginga av dyrevelferden i LiA-bygga. Fagsamling i LiA-prosjektet, Alta 5. " 6. november. Konklusjon "I alle besetningane var det forhold som ut frådyrevelferdsomsyn kunne ha vore gjort betre "Kalvane kom dårlegast ut "Betre fruktbarheit hos kyrne i dei uisolerte fjøsa "Ekstra utfordringar i uisolerte fjøs når vind og vær endrar klimaet i fjøset ganske raskt "Røktaren viktigaste faktoren