Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2012
Forfattere
Arne Hermansen D. Lu Greg ForbesSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Lars Nesheim Anne LangerudSammendrag
I 2011 var det sorter av artene timotei, engsvingel, strandsvingel, raisvingel og italiensk (ettårig) raigras som var ferdig testet. I alt 17 sorter var ferdig testet og av disse er 8 sorter anbefalt godkjent: 2 timoteisorter, 2 engsvingelsorter, 1 strandsvingelsort, 2 rødkløversorter og 1 sort av italiensk raigras.
Forfattere
Patrick Conaghan Pádraig O'Kiely Magnus Halling Frank O'Mara Lars NesheimSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Nicholas ClarkeSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), also called European blueberry, is native to Norway and strongly preferred by the Norwegian food industry due to its genuine flavour and high content of phytochemicals. However, Norwegian natural resources are underexploited, and only few investigation have focused on quality aspects of bilberries from wild populations with regard to potential cultivation and industrial utilization. Important goals of the 4-years study were to investigate (a) Berry quality parameters, (b) Fertilization effects, and (c) Geographic and seasonal variation in trial locations at regions in Southern, Mid and Northern Norway. Berry quality assessment included parameters such as total anthocyanins (ACY) and phenols (TPH), antioxidant capacity (AOX), pH, titratable acidity (TAC) and soluble solids (SS). Based on multivariate statistics (PCA), regional segregation patterns could be observed which were strongly overlapped by year-to-year variation. Within-seasonal variation of parameters were recorded for berries harvested at different time points throughout the season (Southern location/ Hedmark), but between-seasonal effects were generally stronger. Similar year-to-year effects were also found in bilberries from Northern Norway (Bardu), but not in berries harvested from the field in Mid Norway/Langvatnet. The field in Northern Norway was treated with organic fertilizer (compost and wood chippings), while the field in Mid Norway was fertilized with mineral fertilizer combinations (N+P). Application of organic fertilizer did not have any clear effect on berry quality, while mineral fertilizer resulted in clear segregation patterns of berry samples after three years of treatment, thus minimizing year-to year variation. Mean values of quality parameters ACY, TPH and AOX, measured at the different locations (all years and treatments) varied between 330-427 mg/100 g f.w., 531-640 mg/100 g f.w., and 5-8 mmol/100 g f.w., respectively, thus underscoring the phytochemical value of bilberries from Norwegian populations.
Forfattere
Hanne Sogge Thomas Rohrlack Trine Ballestad Rounge Jørn Henrik Sønstebø Ave Tooming-Klunderud Tom Kristensen Kjetill Sigurd JakobsenSammendrag
Several Planktothrix strains, each producing a distinct oligopeptide profile, have been shown to coexist within Lake Steinsfjorden (Norway). Using nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes as markers, it has been shown that the Planktothrix community comprises distinct genetic variants displaying differences in bloom dynamics, suggesting a Planktothrix subpopulation structure. Here, we investigate the Planktothrix variants inhabiting four lakes in southeast of Norway utilizing both NRPS and non-NRPS genes. Phylogenetic analyses showed similar topologies for both NRPS and non-NRPS genes, and the lakes appear to have similar structuring of Planktothrix genetic variants. The structure of distinct variants was also supported by very low genetic diversity within variants compared to the between-variant diversity. Incongruent topologies and split decomposition revealed recombination events between Planktothrix variants. In several strains the gene variants seem to be a result of recombination. Both NRPS and non-NRPS genes are dominated by purifying selection; however, sites subjected to positive selection were also detected. The presence of similar and well-separated Planktothrix variants with low internal genetic diversity indicates gene flow within Planktothrix populations. Further, the low genetic diversity found between lakes (similar range as within lakes) indicates gene flow also between Planktothrix populations and suggests recent, or recurrent, dispersals. Our data also indicate that recombination has resulted in new genetic variants. Stability within variants and the development of new variants are likely to be influenced by selection patterns and within-variant homologous recombination.
Sammendrag
The Norwegian National Forest Inventory (NNFI) provides estimates of forest parameters on national and regional scales by means of a systematic network of permanent sample plots. One of the biggest challenges for the NNFI is the interest in forest attribute information for small sub-populations such as municipalities or protected areas. Frequently, too few sampled observations are available for such small areas to allow estimates with acceptable precision. However, if an auxiliary variable exists that is correlated with the variable of interest, small area estimation (SAE) techniques may provide means to improve the precision of estimates. The study aimed at estimating the mean above-ground forest biomass for small areas with high precision and accuracy, using SAE techniques. For this purpose, the simple random sampling (SRS) estimator, the generalized regression (GREG) estimator, and the unit-level empirical best linear unbiased prediction (EBLUP) estimator were compared. Mean canopy height obtained from a photogrammetric canopy height model (CHM) was the auxiliary variable available for every population element. The small areas were 14 municipalities within a 2,184 km2 study area for which an estimate of the mean forest biomass was sought. The municipalities were between 31 and 527 km2 and contained 1–35 NNFI sample plots located within forest. The mean canopy height obtained from the CHM was found to have a strong linear correlation with forest biomass. Both the SRS estimator and the GREG estimator result in unstable estimates if they are based on too few observations. Although this is not the case for the EBLUP estimator, the estimators were only compared for municipalities with more than five sample plots. The SRS resulted in the highest standard errors in all municipalities. Whereas the GREG and EBLUP standard errors were similar for small areas with many sample plots, the EBLUP standard error was usually smaller than the GREG standard error. The difference between the EBLUP and GREG standard error increased with a decreasing number of sample plots within the small area. The EBLUP estimates of mean forest biomass within the municipalities ranged between 95.01 and 153.76 Mg ha−1, with standard errors between 8.20 and 12.84 Mg ha−1.
Forfattere
Tor Myking Morten Walløe Tvedt Øyvind Meland Edvardsen Henrik Hallingbäck Ditte Christina Olrik Gunnar Friis Proschowsky Mari Rusanen Sanna Black-Samuelsson Tore SkrøppaSammendrag
Continued flexible exchange of forest genetic resources (FGR) in the Nordic region is important for sustainable forest management and for climate change adaptation and mitigation. For this reason, a high level political initiative identified a need to clarify the legal status of FGR in the Nordic region. The overall aim of this study was to assess whether it is necessary and possible to take legal steps to ensure that FGR remain available for conservation and sustainable use in and between the Nordic countries. A survey of the present situation revealed that although the Nordic countries have different domestic legislation on access to FGR, it has not caused any hinders for exchange. Thus, in effect the situation is quite similar in the Nordic countries. As for the future, it is unlikely that application of patent law and plant variety protection (UPOV) will restrict exchange of FGR, mainly due to the short protection periods of these regulations relative to the long generation time of main forestry tree species. For short rotation tree species, intellectual property rights (IPR) might prove to be more applicable. Concerning international agreements, it is premature to evaluate the effect of the Nagoya Protocol (2010) on access and benefit sharing for FGR, as well as recent FAO initiatives. Based on the current study, no legal steps or action seem necessary. To promote continuing simple exchange of FGR the Nordic countries are recommended to stay involved in those processes where relevant international agreements are debated and developed, facilitate simple procedures for exchange and establish a mechanism for surveillance of biotechnological methods that might increase the use of private property rights on FGR.
Sammendrag
Groundwater pollution by agrochemicals, degradation of soil quality and pollution of aquatic ecosystems by agricultural drainage waters have become an issue in the last decades. Flow processes in the vadose zone are closely related to these problems. In general, water flow in soils can be classified into two major categories: uniform and non-uniform (preferential) flow (In: U.S. National Committee for Rock Mechanics, Conceptual Models of Flow and Transport in the Fractured Vadose Zone, 2001, pp.149-187). The former describes a relatively slow movement of water through the porous soil matrix and can be modelled by Richard”s equation. The latter comprises all flow types where water bypasses a portion of the soil matrix and flows through localised (i.e. preferential) paths. Unlike uniform flow, preferential flow is hardly predictable because the assumptions of Richard”s equation of a homogeneous representative elementary volume characterised by a single value of water potential, water content and hydraulic conductivity are frequently violated (Eur J Soil Sci, 2007; 58:523-546)....
Forfattere
Bernt-Håvard Øyen Petter Nilsen Fredrik Bøhler Kjell AndreassenSammendrag
Models for predicting diameter increment in multi-storey spruce stands following mountain forest selective cutting (MFS) were developed. They were based on increment cores, tree ring analyses and stump registrations. The presented models rely upon time series data from 1600 trees in thirty-one Norway spruce stands in south-eastern and central parts of Norway. The selective cuttings were heavy; on average two thirds of the standing volume were cut. The increment following the interventions was highly variable, resulting in large random variability in the models with R2 varying between 0.18–0.31 for individual tree diameter growth and 0.40–0.50 for mean tree stand diameter growth. Dummy variables referring to three first 5-year periods after cutting were found to increase the precision and significantly reduce the random error. Selected models were validated using a test material from central Norway and also compared with the mostly applied Norwegian diameter increment models. Despite a large random variation in all models, the model performances appeared logical and the general fit to the data was acceptable. Based on tests, two diameter increment models are recommended for future yield prognoses in MFS. The models should also be of interest for wider use in other parts of the Nordic and Baltic boreal zone.