Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Forfattere
Bjørn MoltebergSammendrag
Results from the sowing year 2007, first green year 2008 and a new sowing year 2009From the earlier breeding program in Graminor there are 8 candivars of Festuca rubra commutata and 4 candivars of Agrostis capillaries that have not been tested on putting greens. The objective of this subproject is to clarify which of this advanced breeding materials (candivars) of Agrostis capillaris and Festuca rubra commutata are worth evaluation in green trials. As standard varieties, ‘Center" Festuca rubra commutata and ‘Jorvik" and ‘Leirin" Agrostis capillaris are included.After two tough winters 2007-08 and 2008-09 and after re-sowing in 2009, the results showed that several of the advanced breeding materials (candivars) from Graminor AS have potential as varieties for putting greens in northern Scandinavia. The third green years (2010) will tell us more about the candivars.
Sammendrag
Det er for tida sterkt fokus på dyrking av økologisk korn, både til mat og fôr. Og mens noen husker at det var umulig til å selge økologisk korn til merpris for noen år tilbake, anslås behovet for 2009 til 25 - 30.000 dekar mer økologisk fôrkorn og 6.000 dekar mer økologisk matkorn for å unngå import. Økonomien for økologisk korn ser bra ut. Men er det nok til å vurdere omlegging til økologisk korndyrking bare på grunnlag av dette? Hva er viktige faktorer når en vurderer økologisk korndyrking ved husdyrløs drift?
Forfattere
Ragnar EltunSammendrag
In Norway straw is used for animal bedding, feed and an increasing amount is used for heat production. Very little information is available on the total amount of straw that is available for heating. In a project started in 2008 we aim to calculate the total resources of straw in Norway, and how much of this that can be used for heating, taking into considerwqtion the need for other purposes and the effect of removal of straw on soil quality parameters such as structure and content of carbon and potassium. Straw yields are measured in field trials in cereal production areas of Norway. Preliminary calculations indicate that straw can be an important source of energy also in Norway.
Forfattere
Odd-Arild FinnesSammendrag
Egen produksjon av flis av lokalt virke til strø er et aktuelt alternativ til innkjøpt strø. Positive erfaringer etter utprøving i Troms.
Forfattere
Tor J. JohansenSammendrag
Utviklingshastigheten gjennom diapause (dvale) og etter diapause fram mot klekking er undersøkt for en tidlig og en seintklekkende populasjon (bestand) av stor kålflue. For den tidlige typen forløp utviklingen om vinteren gradvis og var avsluttet seint på våren. Den seine typen gikk inn i en ny fase om våren med en høyere terskeltemperatur (ca 7 °C), med utsatt klekking som resultat. Etter diapause hadde begge populasjonene en terskeltemperatur på omtrent 2 °C for utvikling fram til klekking.
Forfattere
Steffen Adler Håvard Steinshamn Annette Veberg Dahl Anne Holter Vae Erling Thuen Torstein Garmo Søren Krogh-JensenSammendrag
A continuous grazing experiment with three measurement periods, 3 weeks each, was conducted with 16 Norwegian Red dairy cows in mid lactation to compare milk quality when grazing red clover-grass (R) or botanical diverse pasture (D). The cows were offered either R or D from the start of grazing season in mid May until beginning of September 2008. Milk yield was measured and milk samples were collected in the last week in each period (end of June, beginning of August and end of August). Pasture type had no effect on milk yield and milk content of fat or protein. Cows grazing R had higher proportion of the fatty acids C18:0 (22.41 vs. 9.96, P
Forfattere
Steffen Adler Håvard Steinshamn Søren Krogh-Jensen Stig Purup Jens Hansen-Møller Espen GovasmarkSammendrag
Bulk-tank milk was collected every second month (in 2007) from 32 farms in Middle Norway to examine the effect of grassland management and farming system on milk composition. Sixteen farms with organic farming system were paired with 16 farms with conventional farming system. In both farming systems, 9 farms had short-term rotational grassland and 7 farms had long-term grassland. Milk fatty acid (FA) composition and milk concentration of ?-tocopherol, ?-carotene, retinol, phytoestrogens and selenium were analyzed. Only small differences were found in milk composition from farms with different grassland management, except for the concentration of phytoestrogens and selenium that were highest on farms with short-term grassland. Milk FA composition, milk concentration of phytoestrogens and selenium were strongly affected by farming system. Milk from organic farming had higher concentration of phytoestrogens, selenium and higher proportion of C18:3n-3, short-chain FA, long-chain FA, saturated FA and lower proportion of C18:0, C18:1n-9, C18:2n-6 and lower n-6/n-3 FA ratio than milk from conventional farming.
Forfattere
Espen Tangen Aarnes Paul Eric Aspholm Erik Solheim Trine Setsaas Reidar Hindrum Eero Kaakinen Galina Evdokimova Per Angelstam Marine Elbakidze Jan-Petter Huberth Hansen Alexander Davydov Valery Efimov Sigmund Hågvar Natalia Polikarpova Morten Günther Olga Makarova Jaakko Erkinaro Tor Christian Sletner Bjørn Frantzen Dag HessenSammendrag
Barentswatch 2009, Biologisk mangfold i Barentsregionen er et populærfaglig magasin, som formidler kunnskap om biologisk mangfold og Countdown 2010. Magasinets intensjon er å tilgjengeliggjøre aktuell kunnskap på en lettforståelig og innbydende måte. Tidsskriftet utgis fast på norsk, engelsk og russisk, både i trykt og digital versjon. Barentswatch har som målsetning å presentere stoffet slik at flest mulig skal kunne være i stand til å forstå innholdet. Målgruppen er det brede lag av befolkningen.I tidsskriftet formidles det kunnskap om hva biologisk mangfold er, samt hva som truer dette mangfoldet og hvorfor dette er så viktig å ivareta. Det fokuseres på hvordan statusen er i nordområdene, året som målet om stans av tap av biologisk mangfold skal innfris.
Forfattere
Bent Braskerud Atle HaugeSammendrag
This report describes how small constructed wetlands (CWs) of approximately 0.1 % of the watershed area can contribute to cleaner waterways. The report summarises more than 10 years experience of investigation and construction of wetlands in Norway, where agricultural authorities finance the construction of wetlands. Investigations show that the average retention in the different wetlands was 45-75 % for soil particles, and 21-44 % for phosphorus (P). The retention of particles and P tends to increase with runoff due to erosion processes in the watershed. Higher constructed wetland (CW) effectiveness than expected is a combined effect of (i) clay particles entering wetlands as aggregates with higher sedimentation velocity than single particles, (ii) shallow depth which gives shorter particle settling distance, and (iii) vegetation cover preventing resuspension of sediment. The use of mineral filters can increase the P-retention performance under low runoff situations. Due to high hydraulic loads the redox potential in the outlet water indicated aerobic conditions. As a result the redox-sensitive P in the wetland sediment is conserved providing a sufficient amount of water flows through the CW. Small CWs have a minor effect on nitrogen (N) retention (3-15 %) due to the short detention time. Use of organic filters can increase the N-retention performance. However, these filters will decrease the P-retention, because the water becomes anoxic. Wetlands can reduce the pesticide content in water. The effect is correlated to the physical and chemical behaviour of the pesticide. As a result, retention could vary from 0 to 67 %. To summarise, the most important factor for pollution retention performance in small wetlands is properties of the watershed itself (such as type of agriculture, soil type, erosion rates, aggregate stability etc). Important design criteria are shallow (max. 0.5 m) and vegetated wetland filters, and location close to the source of pollution.
Forfattere
Douwe Hoornstra Tommy Nesbakk Espen Govasmark Mirja Salkinoja-SalonenSammendrag
Background: Anaerobic digestion in a biogas plant (BGP) is an alternative way to handle organic household waste. There is an increasing interest in BGPs using municipal food waste as energy source for producing gas, mainly methane. The waste product from a BGP is digestate, which may be used as a fertiliser in organic agriculture. The digestate can be separated into a solid and a liquid fraction by centrifugation. Objective: To assess the hygienic risk of toxigenic bacteria in the liquid fraction of the digestate (~2 % d.w.) from a BGP using municipal food waste as an energy source, focusing on heat stable toxin producing Bacillus cereus. Method: The digestate was sampled monthly from a BGP from May 2008 to February 2009. The potential for cereulide production in the digestate was measured by quantitative PCR using primers targeted at B. cereus group (Hansen et al. 2001) and the peptide synthetase gene specific for cereulide (cesB gene; Ehling-Schulz et al 2004), and it was searched for cultivable isolates of toxigenic B. cereus. Result: The digestate contained an average of 104 copies of B. cereus genome and 103 to 104 cesB gene copies per ml. The digestate contained 0.5 to 10 × 106 viable bacteria per ml of which 1 % were heat stable spores. Culturable presumptive B. cereus was isolated in 9 out of 10 samples, averaging 102 CFU per ml. Conclusion: 1) Analysis of DNA showed that the raw materials used for the biogas production contained B. cereus. A significant portion of the B. cereus genomes possessed the cesB gene. 2) Approximately 1 % of the heat stable spores represented B. cereus. The content of viable B. cereus in the liquid fraction of the digestate was within the limits acceptable for foods.