Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2013
Sammendrag
For a quarter of a century, sustainable development has been on the political and research agendas. Within the field of landscape ecology, a wide array of research has documented the effects of alternative land uses, analysed driving forces of land use change and developed tools for measuring such changes, to mention but a few developments. There have also been great advances in technology and data management. Nevertheless, unsustainable land use continues to occur and the science of landscape ecology has had less influence on landscape change than aimed for. In this paper we use Norwegian examples to discuss some of the reasons for this. We examine mismatches in the spatial and temporal scales considered by scientists, decision-makers and those who carry out land use change, consider how this and other factors hinder effective communication between scientists and practitioners, and urge for a stronger focus on what it is that motivates people to action. We suggest that the concept of landscape services can be useful not only for researchers but also provide valuable communication and planning tools. Finally, we suggest more emphasis on applying adaptive management in landscape ecology to help close the gaps, both between researchers and policy and, even more crucially, between researchers and practitioners.
Forfattere
Heidi Udnes Aamot Ingerd Skow Hofgaard Guro Brodal T. Ward Abdelhameed Elameen Trude Vrålstad G. Larsen Per-Erik Clasen Oleif Elen Sonja KlemsdalSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Six trap models were compared with respect to their ability to capture European spruce bark beetles and technical details in handling and use. All trap models proved to be efficient and gave high captures of beetles during operation for one summer season (2013). Ranking the trap models in descending order of total capture of beetles gave this list: Lindgren trap, Theysohn, prototype-P, Ecotrap, BEKA, and prototype-K. However, there was much variation in trapping results between localities for all trap models, and the estimated means did in most cases not differ significantly between models. The estimated mean capture of the Lindgren trap was significantly higher than for prototype-K and BEKA, but their confidence intervals were wide and they were close to being insignificantly different. The retail price of the traps vary from about 10 € (Ecotrap) to 50-55 € (Lindgren), while prices are not available for the two prototypes, which are not in regular production. Advantages and disadvantages concerning weight, size, robustness, draining of rain water, ease of handling and mounting are commented on in the discussion, and technical details of the traps are presented in a separate appendix (6).
Forfattere
Esra Ozdenerol Gregory Taff Cem AkkusSammendrag
Over the last two decades West Nile Virus (WNV) has been responsible for significant disease outbreaks in humans and animals in many parts of the World. Its extremely rapid global diffusion argues for a better understanding of its geographic extent. The purpose of this inquiry was to explore spatio-temporal patterns of WNV using geospatial technologies to study populations of the reservoir hosts, vectors, and human hosts, in addition to the spatio-temporal interactions among these populations. Review of the recent literature on spatial WNV disease risk modeling led to the conclusion that numerous environmental factors might be critical for its dissemination. New Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based studies are monitoring occurrence at the macro-level, and helping pinpoint areas of occurrence at the micro-level, where geographically-targeted, species-specific control measures are sometimes taken and more sophisticated methods of surveillance have been used.
Sammendrag
Use of harvest residues for bioenergy is minimal in Norway, and the proposed increase of 14 TWh in annual bioenergy use by year 2020 may thus to a large part be based on residues from conventional timber harvesting. To judge the potential of harvest residues for bioenergy both in the short and long run, we present cost-supply curves for residue harvesting at national and regional levels. We produce different harvesting scenarios using the detailed forest model Gaya/J and a representative description of the Norwegian forest area from Norwegian national forest inventory (NFI) sample plots including environmental restrictions. Forest information is sufficiently detailed to estimate necessary biomass fractions and calculate costs of harvest residue extraction at plot level. We estimate a maximum annual energy production of 5.3 TWh from harvest residues with the present harvest level, which is far from the official target. In principle, there are two solutions for achieving this target; increase harvests and thus the corresponding residue supply, or increase the use of roundwood for energy purposes on the expense of pulpwood. Scenarios with long-run increase in timber production shows an annual energy potential from harvest residues in the range 6–9 TWh. Thus, to reach the political target roundwood must be used for energy production.
Sammendrag
Originally, Trypophloeus dejevi (Stark, 1936) was described from Sakhalin Island in the Far East of Russia, and it remained undetected in Europe until 2009, when one Swedish specimen was found in the collection of the late Lars Huggert. This specimen was sampled in Northern Sweden in Torne Lappmark: Årosjokk, 67°52’ N/19°22’E, in 1968. In 2010, the species was found in five new localities in the same area. Here we present T. dejevi, recorded in 2012 as a new species to Norway and Finland. In Norway, galleries with beetles were found in Salix myrsinifolia Salisbury and in Finland Salix glauca L. was the observed host tree. Both are common willow species in Northern Fennoscandia. The distribution of the beetle within trunks of living Salix combined with a low population-density may be an explanation to why T. dejevi has been overlooked until now.
Forfattere
Felix Herzog Philippe Jeanneret Youssef Ammari Siyka Angelova Michaela Arndorfer Debra Bailey Katalin Balázs András Báldi Marion Bogers Robert Bunce Jean-Philippe Choisis David Cuming Peter Dennis Tetyana Dyman Sebastian Eiter Zoltán Elek Eszter Falusi Wendy Fjellstad Thomas Frank Jürgen Friedel Salah Garchi Ilse Geijzendorffer Tiziano Gomiero Gergely Jerkovich Rob Jongman Max Kainz Esezah Kakudidi Eszter Kelemen Roland Kölliker Norman Kwikiriza Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki Luisa Last Gisela Lüscher Gerardo Moreno Charles Nkwiine John Opio Marie-Louise Oschatz Maurizio Guido Paoletti Károly Penksza Philippe Pointereau Susanne Riedel Jean-Pierre Sarthou Manuel Schneider Norman Siebrecht Daniele Sommaggio Siyka Stoyanova Erich Szerencsits O. Szalkovski Stella Targetti Davide Viaggi Jerylee Wilkes-Allemann Sebastian Wolfrum Sergiy Yashchenko Tommaso ZanettiSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Erlend Nybakk Anders Lunnan Jan Inge Jenssen Pablo CrespellSammendrag
This study examines the relationship between social network size, innovation and firm performance among firewood producers in Norway. Moreover, it investigates how this relationship is affected both by the structure and variations in networks and by firm size and age. A questionnaire-based survey was sent to managers of firms (including one-person firms) in the firewood industry in Norway. A total of 645 usable replies were received, and the theoretical model was tested using structural equation modelling. The findings show that social network size has a positive effect on firm performance via innovation by firewood producers. Furthermore, the results show that firewood producers with fewer involved family members and more variation in occupation and entrepreneurial experience in their networks benefit more from larger social networks than other producers do.
Forfattere
Yngve RekdalSammendrag
Vegetasjonskart gjev eit bilete av den mosaikken av vegetasjonstypar som det naturlege plantedekket består av. Ein vegetasjonstype er ei karakteristisk samling planteartar som vil gå att på lokalitetar med like veksetilhøve. Ei oversikt over utbreiinga av vegetasjonstypar gjev oss på denne måten informasjon også om variasjonen i økologiske faktorar (klima, næring og vatn i jorda, snødekke og kulturpåverknad) i eit område. I tillegg kan kvar vegetasjonstype tilleggast eigenskapar med omsyn til ulik ressursutnytting og bruk (beite, slitestyrke for ferdsel, artsmangfald m.m.). I tre utmarksområde i Tydal kommune er det vegetasjonskartlagt eit areal på 79 km² landareal på oppdrag frå Tydal kommune. Kartlegginga er gjort etter Skog og landskap sin instruks for vegetasjonskartlegging i M 1:20 000 - 50 000. Det er framstilt vegetasjonskart og 2 avleia temakart kring utmarksbeite for sau og storfe....
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag