Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Forfattere
Anne-Kristin Løes Liv SolemdalSammendrag
Bioforsk Organic Food and Farming coordinated a pilot project in the introduction of organic food in the public sector in Norway during 2002-06, when St.Olavs Hospital in Trondheim worked for and achieved a goal of 30 % organic food. Many papers, training manuals and a text book were produced, and many lectures were given about the activities already during the project period. Currently, many Norwegian municipalities are starting to introduce organic food in their kitchens, and hence the experiences learned at St.Olavs Hospital are very useful and attract much interest.
Forfattere
Geir Kjølberg Knudsen Marco TasinSammendrag
Abstract: Apple fruit moth Argyresthia conjugella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Argyresthiidae) is the most important insect pest in apples in Fennoscandia. Its principle host is the masting forest three rowan Sorbus aucuparia. Damage to apple occurs only in intermasting years when rowan produces low crop. A monitoring tool is needed to detect the timing of female migration to apple in order to precisely apply control measures. Volatile plant compounds may be used to trap migrating females searching for the alternative host during intermasting years. In this study we present data from field monitoring experiments. In 2007 we carried out a field test in apple with the aim to screen for behaviorally active compounds beside those already described by Bengtsson et al. (2006). In traps baited with three component blends we found four compounds that could be regarded as synergists. These compounds were in 2008 tested both in rowan and apple. We detected insects by both visual inspections and trapping in a rowan stand, whilst only traps baited with the candidate compounds could detect migrating insects in apple orchards. The number in apple however was low due to the fact that 2008 was a low-attack season and the majority of the moths remained in the rowan stands. Improvements of blend composition for field monitoring may be achieved by additional field tests in damage years in combination with ongoing wind tunnel studies.
Sammendrag
Oversikt over tiltak og forekomst av skjeggmugg på søtkirsebær.
Sammendrag
Oversikt over ny kunnskap om ulike årsaker til rotning i søtkirsebær.
Forfattere
Anita LandSammendrag
Dette er opprinnelig var dette en artikkel om sykehusmat skrevet for matkurs i forbindelse med omlegging til økologisk mat på St.Olavs hospital. Kurset tar for seg mathistorie og filosofi. Senere er artikkelen redigert og blitt publisert på www.agropub.no og i fagtidsskriftet Kjøkkenskriveren nr 6 2009
Sammendrag
Mite damage is often considered a spray induced problem. We monitored 12 Norwegian strawberry fields, 6 organic and 6 conventional fields, by sampling leaves two times per year for two years. Young folded leaflets were visually inspected for eggs and adults of strawberry mite (Phytonemus pallidus) and completely unfolded leaves were used for extraction of mobile stages of two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychys urticae). The spider mites were examined for infection of the mite-pathogenic fungus Neozygites floridana. Predatory mites (Phytoseiidae) were recorded on both leaf types, and the females mounted and identified. We also sampled leaves from selected plants in the boundary vegetation of most fields, to look for sources of T. urticae, phytoseiids and N. floridana, and soil from each field, to study the natural occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes. We will present the results on abundance and diversity of the organisms investigated, and discuss similarities and differences between organic and conventional fields.
Sammendrag
How traps are placed can have huge consequences for trap efficiency. We present the results from two trials on how the height of trap deployment affects the catch of new generation Anthonomus rubi. In trial 1 (September 2006) we used white sticky traps, with or without A. rubi aggregation pheromone lures, to get more information on the height distribution at which weevils fly. Traps were horizontally mounted on top of poles 1 or 3 m above ground in a commercial field with a large weevil population (4 replicates of each height and lure combination). All the A. rubi individuals caught (N=34) were found on traps placed 1 m above ground. In trial 2 (13 July - 1 September 2009), four trap heights (partly dug into the ground, standing on the ground, hung just above foliage, hung 1 m above ground) were replicated five times in a small experimental strawberry field with severe bud damage. The traps were green funnel traps enhanced with white cross-vanes developed for raspberry beetle, and the best lure combination (aggregation pheromone sachet plus strawberry flower volatile open vial) for A. rubi found in other experiments. The traps touching the ground (and the plants), i.e. the first two of the heights listed above, caught 90% of all A. rubi trapped (N=103).
Forfattere
Anne Kjersti Bakken Tor Lunnan Mats HøglindSammendrag
Enga må slåast ung og ofte dersom grovfôret skal ha høg potensiell næringsverdi. Ein slik intensiv haustepraksis vil ein forvente gir lågare avlingar og ei mindre varig eng i høve til ein praksis med sjeldnare og/eller seinare slåttar. Desse spørsmåla har ein sett nærare på i prosjektet "Mer og bedre grovfôr som basis for norsk kjøtt- og mjølkeproduksjon ". Ein fann moderate avlingstap med tidlege og hyppige slåttar.
Forfattere
Arnfinn Nes Muath Alsheikh Ragnhild Sween Magne GullordSammendrag
Scandinavian countries, including Norway, is in marginal areas for commercial strawberry production, but the culture is still an important hortucultral crop. There is an increasing demand for new and better cultivars for the regional conditions in the industry. The Norwegian strawberry breeding program has lasted more than 40 years and several cultivars have been released. In 2002 the National Norwegian strawberry breeding program was privatized to Graminor Breeding Ltd. The program has responsibility to supply the Norwegian market with new well-adapted and productive strawberry cultivars with high berry qualities, in order to add to the profitability of the growers. Graminor Breeding Ltd. is also representing foreign cultivars in Norway. Three new cultivars have been launched in 2007: "Gudleif", "Iris" and "Blink".
Sammendrag
Transport and turnover of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is important in the C cycle of organic soils. The concentration of DOC in soil water is buffered by adsorption to the soil matrix, and has been hypothesized to depend on the pool size of adsorbed DOC. We have studied the effect of frequent artificial excessive leaching events on concentration and flux of DOC in shallow, organic rich mountain soils. Assuming a constant Kd value for DOC adsorption to the soil matrix, we used these data to assess the change in the pool of adsorbed (or potential) DOC in the soil. The study involved manipulation of precipitation amount and frequency in summer and autumn in small, heathland catchments at Storgama, southern Norway. The shallow soils (16 to 34 cm deep on average) limit the possibility for changes in water flow paths during events. The mini-catchments range in size from 75 m2 to 98 m2. Our data show that after leaching of about 1.2 g DOC m-2 the DOC concentration in runoff declines by approximately 50%. From this we conclude that the pool size of adsorbed potential DOC in the shallow soils at any time is of the order 2-3 g m-2. Frequent episodes suggest that the replenishment rate, which depends on the decomposition rate of soil organic matter, is fast and the potential DOC pool could be fully restored probably within days during summer, but with some more time required in autumn, due to lower temperatures. Both pool size of potential DOC and replenishment rate are seasonally dependent. The pool of potential DOC, and thus the DOC concentration in discharge, is at their maximum in the growing season. However, under non-leaching conditions, the concentration of DOC in soil water and thus the pool size of potential DOC seems to level off, possibly due to conversion of DOC to less reversibly bound forms, or to further decomposition to CO2.