Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2016
Sammendrag
Process-based grassland models (PBMs) simulate growth and development of vegetation over time. The models tend to have a large number of parameters that represent properties of the plants. To simulate different cultivars of the same species, different parameter values are required. Parameter differences may be interpreted as genetic variation for plant traits. Despite this natural connection between PBMs and plant genetics, there are only few examples of successful use of PBMs in plant breeding. Here we present a new procedure by which PBMs can help design ideotypes, i.e. virtual cultivars that optimally combine properties of existing cultivars. Ideotypes constitute selection targets for breeding. The procedure consists of four steps: (1) Bayesian calibration of model parameters using data from cultivar trials, (2) Estimating genetic variation for parameters from the combination of cultivar-specific calibrated parameter distributions, (3) Identifying parameter combinations that meet breeding objectives, (4) Translating model results to practice, i.e. interpreting parameters in terms of practical selection criteria. We show an application of the procedure to timothy (Phleum pratense L.) as grown in different regions of Norway.
Forfattere
Ole Kristian StornesSammendrag
Hensikten med denne rapporten har vært å vise hvor stor verdiskaping jordbruket i Nordland står for. Tall for produksjonsinntektene og sysselsettingen er også med på å beskrive jordbrukets betydning i fylket. De samlede produksjonsinntektene for de nesten 2 200 gårdsbrukene i Nordland er for 2015 beregnet til å være omtrent 2 150 mill. kr. Av dette utgjør tilskudd 910 mill. kr. Begrepet verdiskaping er i denne rapporten definert som «nettoprodukt til faktorpris», inkludert alle tilskudd. Dette er lik sum produksjonsinntekter i jordbruket (inkl. tilskudd) minus alle kostnader bortsett fra leid hjelp og jordleie. Det er gjort beregninger med utgangspunkt i data fra produksjonstilskuddsregisteret hos Landbruksdirektoratet og driftsgranskingene hos NIBIO. Verdiskapingen av jordbruket i Nordland for 2015 er på nesten 820 mill. kr. Sømna og Vestvågøy er de største jordbrukskommunene i Nordland med en verdiskaping på 52 millioner kroner. Deretter kommer Brønnøy og Hemnes med en verdiskaping på henholdsvis nesten 46 og nesten 40 mill. kr. Sysselsettingen i jordbruket i Nordland er på velt 2 600 årsverk á 1 845 timer. Jordbruket i Vestvågøy kommune gir en sysselsetting på 171 årsverk, mens Sømna kommune har 152 årsverk og Brønnøy kommune 146 årsverk i jordbruket...
Forfattere
Mogens Lund Jørgen Dejgård JensenSammendrag
The aim of the article is to identify and analyse public-private incentives for the development and marketing of new animal vaccines within a real options methodological framework, and to investigate how real options methodology can be utilized to support economic incentives for vaccine development in a cost-effective way. The development of a vaccine against Campylobacter jejuni in poultry is applied as a case study. Employing the real options methodology, the net present value of the vaccine R&D project becomes larger than a purely probabilistic expected present value throughout the different stages of the project − and the net present value becomes larger, when more types of real options are taken into consideration. The insight from the real options analysis reveals opportunities for new policies to promote the development of animal vaccines. One such approach might be to develop schemes combining stage-by-stage optimized subsidies in the individual development stages, with proper account taken of investors’/developers' economic incentives to proceed, sell or cancel the project in the respective stages. Another way of using the real options approach to support the development of desirable animal vaccines could be to issue put options for the vaccine candidate, enabling vaccine developers to hedge against the economic risk from market volatility.
Sammendrag
Effects of wilting rate and fermentation stimulators and inhibitors on protein characteristics of forages typ- ical for organic production were assessed using tradi- tional analytical methods and a gas production in vitro assay. The hypotheses were that the proportion of the crude protein (CP) fraction that was soluble would be lowest, and the protein feed value highest, under rapid wilting and restricted fermentation. The solubil- ity of the CP fraction varied according to treatments and between a first and a second cut, with moderate and high content of clover respectively. It was, how- ever, of minor importance for the protein value, both calculated as amino acids absorbed in the small intes- tine (AAT 20 ) and estimated as effective utilizable crude protein (uCP 04 ) by the in vitro assay. In ensiled her- bage, AAT 20 was highest in rapidly wilted and restrict- edly fermented silages made from a first cut dominated by highly digestible grasses. Silages from the second cut dominated by red clover were far lower in AAT 20 . The in vitro assay did not separate silages according to herbage composition or wilting rate, but ranked restrictedly fermented above extensively fer- mented with regard to protein supply. The assay might still have caught the characteristics that determine the true protein value in vivo.
Forfattere
Louise C. Ross Gunnar Austrheim Leif Jarle Asheim Gunnar Bjarnason Jon Feilberg Anna Maria Fosaa Alison J. Hester Øystein Holand Ingibjörg S Jónsdóttir Lis E. Mortensen Atle Mysterud Erla Olsen Anders Skonhoft James David Mervyn Speed Geir Steinheim Des B.A. Thompson Anna G. ThorhallsdottirSammendrag
Sheep grazing is an important part of agriculture in the North Atlantic region, defined here as the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Iceland, Norway and Scotland. This process has played a key role in shaping the landscape and biodiversity of the region, sometimes with major environmental consequences, and has also been instrumental in the development of its rural economy and culture. In this review, we present results of the first interdisciplinary study taking a long-term perspective on sheep management, resource economy and the ecological impacts of sheep grazing, showing that sustainability boundaries are most likely to be exceeded in fragile environments where financial support is linked to the number of sheep produced. The sustainability of sheep grazing can be enhanced by a management regime that promotes grazing densities appropriate to the site and supported by area-based subsidy systems, thus minimizing environmental degradation, encouraging biodiversity and preserving the integrity of ecosystem processes.
Forfattere
Karen E Lewis Carola Grebitus Rodolfo M. Jr. NaygaSammendrag
A majority of purchases that consumers make are classified as repeat purchases. One of the main reasons why consumers make repeat food purchases is the food's taste. Therefore, we examined the importance of including taste testing in nonhypothetical experimental auctions. Specifically, we used two experiments to determine consumers’ willingness to pay for soft drinks labeled with different calorie and sweetener information. In Experiment 1, participants tasted the soft drinks prior to the bidding rounds. In Experiment 2, participants did not taste the soft drinks prior to the bidding rounds. Bidding behavior for the soft drinks was significantly different between Experiment 1 and Experiment 2. Results suggest that including taste testing in the design of experimental auctions is important to accurately capture consumers’ willingness to pay for foods that are purchased repeatedly. Results also imply that policies aimed at combating obesity by making the calorie content of foods more visible may not produce desired outcomes.
Sammendrag
Here, we present the 3,795,952 bp complete genome sequence of the biofilm-forming Curtobacterium sp. strain BH-2-1-1, isolated from conventionally grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa) from a field in Vestfold, Norway. The nucleotide sequence of this genome was deposited into NCBI GenBank under the accession CP017580.
Sammendrag
In order to determine the relation between the structural properties and fungistatic activity of quinolizidine and bisquinolizidine alkaloids, the bioactive derivatives of cytisine, sparteine and lupanine were tested for the inhibitory activity against the microfungus causing mould growth phenomenon (Aspergillus niger van Tieghem ATCC 6275). The compounds tested were screened for antifungal properties using the bioautography-TLC. According to the results, the following cytisines showed an inhibiting effect on mould; spirocytisine, 3,5-dibromocytisine, bromo-N-boccytisine, N-Boccytisine, 3-bromobenzylocytisine, 4-bromo-benzylcytisine, 3-iodobenzylcytisine, 4-iodobenzylcytisine.
Forfattere
Marta Camino-Serrano Elisabeth Graf Pannatier Sara Vicca Sebastiaan Luyssaert Mathieu Jonard Philippe Ciais Bertrand Guenet Bert Gielen Josep Peñuelas Jordi Sardans Peter Waldner Sophia Etzold Guia Cecchini Nicholas Clarke Galić Galic Laure Gandois Karin Hansen Jim Johnson Uwe Klinck Zora Lachmanová Antti-Jussi Lindroos Henning Meesenburg Tiina M. Nieminen Tanja G.M. Sanders Kasia Sawicka Walter Seidling Anne Thimonier Elena Vanguelova Arne Verstraeten Lars Vesterdal Ivan A. JanssensSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
A statistical model MESAW was used to estimate the diffuse emission coefficients of nitrogen in Estonia. This includes analysis of data on loads, point sources, land use types etc. Two studies were conducted to determine the emission coefficients for the whole Estonia and for a smaller study area near Tallinn. Investigations showed that in addition to arable lands, drained peat soils can be a significant source of nitrogen. In fact, our results show that the unit-area loads from drained peat soils may be 1.5 to 2.3 times higher than from arable lands. Additional detailed investigations and measurements are needed to support these conclusions. Comparison of emission coefficients for the whole Estonia and of the Tallinn catchment area indicated that the coefficients can vary significantly between sources and single years. Therefore it is suggested that the sources of nitrogen loads should be defined in a catchment area level rather than a country level.