Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2014
Authors
Javier Arevalo Pradipta Halder Jarmo Kortelainen Blas Mola YudegoAbstract
There is a need to better understand the increasingly interrelated system of national, regional and international initiatives and institutions that deal with bioenergy governance. Significant effort from various international organisations and partnerships (e.g. European Union, International Energy Agency, Global Bioenergy Partnership, Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels) has been directed in recent years to ensure the sustainability of bioenergy production through criteria and indicators and through the promotion of research on aspects such as the impact on livelihoods, food price as well as energy security. In this context, the paper examines bioenergy‐related conflicts with wide international ramifications from the perspective of the regulatory framework and its relation to global bioenergy governance processes. Special attention is paid to issues of large‐scale bioenergy developments in places like Africa, which are affected by support schemes of developed countries such as those from the European Union to meet targets for renewable energy and particularly biofuel production. The study concludes with the proposal of an overarching framework for the analysis of bioenergy governance, and with suggestions for further research.
Authors
René I. Alfaro Bruno Fady Giovanni Giuseppe Vendramin Ian K. Dawson Richard A. Fleming Cuauhtémoc Sáenz-Romero Roberto A. Lindig-Cisneros Trevor Murdock Barbara Vinceti Carlos Manuel Navarro Tore Skrøppa Giulia Baldinelli Yousry A. El-Kassaby Judy LooAbstract
The current distribution of forest genetic resources on Earth is the result of a combination of natural processes and human actions. Over time, tree populations have become adapted to their habitats including the local ecological disturbances they face. As the planet enters a phase of human-induced climate change of unprecedented speed and magnitude, however, previously locally-adapted populations are rendered less suitable for new conditions, and ‘natural’ biotic and abiotic disturbances are taken outside their historic distribution, frequency and intensity ranges. Tree populations rely on phenotypic plasticity to survive in extant locations, on genetic adaptation to modify their local phenotypic optimum or on migration to new suitable environmental conditions. The rate of required change, however, may outpace the ability to respond, and tree species and populations may become locally extinct after specific, but as yet unknown and unquantified, tipping points are reached. Here, we review the importance of forest genetic resources as a source of evolutionary potential for adaptation to changes in climate and other ecological factors. We particularly consider climate-related responses in the context of linkages to disturbances such as pests, diseases and fire, and associated feedback loops. The importance of management strategies to conserve evolutionary potential is emphasised and recommendations for policy-makers are provided.
Authors
Ari HietalaAbstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a biochemical technology that generates copies of a particular DNA sequence, has revolutionized life sciences. Thirty years after its development in 1983, PCR is a standard and indispensable technique in medical and biological research for a variety of applications. Compared to many other fields, novel PCR applications and sequencing platforms have been rather slowly adopted by research groups engaged in wood protection. Regarding laboratory and field experiments for testing the efficacy of wood treatments, this opinion article discusses the potential of 2nd generation PCR applications and sequencing platforms for profiling 1) the growth and activity of wood decay microbes upon feeding and detoxification of treated wood, and 2) for recording the successional changes that take place in microbial community along with progress of wood decay.
Abstract
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Authors
Giang Thanh Thi Ho Paula Marie Bräunlich Ingvild Austarheim Helle Wangensteen Karl Egil Malterud Rune Slimestad Hilde BarsettAbstract
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Authors
Zhibo Hamborg Sissel Haugslien Jihong Liu Clarke Carl Jonas Jorge Spetz Dag-Ragnar Blystad Qing Wang YeonKyeong Lee Astrid H Sivertsen Gry SkjesethAbstract
Chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd) was first reported in US in the 1940s and is widespread in the world wherever chrysanthemum is grown. Cryotherapy of shoot tips, a new biotechnology developed in the recent years, is a novel application of plant cryopreservation techniques that allows pathogen eradication at a high frequency. Existing studies have proven that this technique can efficiently eradicate pathogens such as virus, phytoplasma and bacterium. However, up to now, there has been no report on viroid eradication. In the present study, we attempted to establish a droplet vitrification cryotherapy method for Argyranthemum and to apply it to eradicate CSVd. Results obtained so far demonstrated that cryotherapy of shoot tips alone failed to eradicate CSVd from the infected shoot tips of Argyranthemum maderense ‘Yellow Empire’. Using in situ hybridization of CSVd and histological analysis, we found that CSVd can invade meristematic cells and at the same time, these cells were able to survive following cryotherapy. These findings explained why cryotherapy of shoot tips alone could not be efficient enough to eradicate CSVd from the diseased materials. Further studies combining cold treatment with cryotherapy are under investigation for CSVd eradication.
Authors
Halvor B. Gjærum Kåre LyeAbstract
Puccinia rhodosensis sp. nov. is described on Tragopogon crocifolius from Rhodes, Greece. It differs from all other rust species on Tragopogon in having teliospores with completely smooth walls. SEM photos are provided for telia and teliospores.
Abstract
Whole trees from energy thinnings constitute one of many forest fuel sources, yet ten widely applied supply chains could be defined for this feedstock alone. These ten represent only a subset of the real possibilities, as felling method was held constant and only a single market (combustion of whole tree chips) was considered. Stages included in-field, roadside landing, terminal, and conversion plant, and biomass states at each of these included loose whole trees, bundled whole trees or chipped material. Assumptions on prices, performances, and conversion rates were based on field trials and published literature in similar boreal forest conditions. The economic outcome was calculated on the basis of production, handling, treatment and storage costs and losses. Outcomes were tested for robustness on a range of object volumes (50–350 m3solid), extraction distances (50–550 m) and transport distances (10–70 km) using simulation across a set of discrete values. Transport was calculated for both a standard 19.5 m and an extended 24 m timber truck. Results showed that the most expensive chain (roadside bundling, roadside storage, terminal storage and delivery using a 19.5 m timber truck) at 158 € td−1 was 23% more costly than the cheapest chain (roadside chipping and direct transport to conversion plant with container truck), at 128 € td−1. Outcomes vary at specific object volumes and transport distances, highlighting the need to verify assumptions, although standard deviations around mean supply costs for each chain were small (6%–9%). Losses at all stages were modelled, with the largest losses (23 € td−1) occurring in the chains including bundles. The study makes all methods and assumptions explicit and can assist the procurement manager in understanding the mechanisms at work.
Authors
Alexander Kopatz Hans Geir Eiken Jouni Aspi Ilpo Kojola Camilla Tobiassen Konstantin F. Tirronen Pjotr I. Danilov Snorre HagenAbstract
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Authors
Blas Mola Yudego Ioannis Dimitriou Sara Gonzalez-Garcia David Gritten Pär AronssonAbstract
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