Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Sammendrag
Det er svært vanleg å bruka bark og flis til dekking mot ugras, som underlag på gangstiar eller anna i grøntanlegg. Dersom barken og flisa ikkje er varmkompostert, kan honningsopp (Armillaria spp.) fylgja med på lasset. Dette er ein vanleg skadegjerar i skog, spesielt på gran, men også i grøntanlegg gjer denne soppen meir skade enn mange er klar over.
Forfattere
Venche Talgø Maria Herrero Brita Toppe May Bente Brurberg Trude L. Slørstad Robert Thurston Arne StensvandSammendrag
I 2009 vart det funne mørke flekkar på stammane på fleire spisslønn, ein bøk og ei bjørk ved Byhaugen i Stavanger. Slike flekkar er typiske symptom ved angrep av Phytophthora-artar, og vert ofte omtala som blødande sår. På dei to førstnemnde tre-artane vart det stadfesta at skadane skuldast rotråte på grunn av Phytophthora plurivora. Sjukdomen er kjent frå fleire land i Europa, der han vert sett på som ein stor trussel både i skog og andre økosystem.
Forfattere
Bjørn FrantzenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Inger MartinussenSammendrag
Bioprospecting covers commercial purpose research and development, building on use of natural occurring compounds, all the way from first discovery, over patenting, benchmarking, improvement, development and commercialization.
Sammendrag
Two female and two male cultivars have previously been released as a result of clone evaluation at Bioforsk Nord Holt. Selection criteria have been number of pistils or stamens per flower, number of flowers and number of shoots per m2. Currently a new group of clones are evaluated with the aim of finding new cultivars for release. The clones are collected from different parts of Norway, as well as from England and Spitsbergen. Preliminary results from harvesting 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 indicate good production potential for some of the tested clones. In addition to prior selection criteria based on berry yield, the levels of total anthocyanins and total phenols have been analyzed. This includes studies on the role of female clone, male pollinator and temperature on berry quality.
Forfattere
Inger MartinussenSammendrag
Cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus L.) is a dioecious perennial plant of the Rosaceae family with a circumpolar distribution. cloudberry fruit consist of up to about 30 drupes, each with a single seed, covered by a hard endocarp. The ripe berry is orange or yellow, soft and high in vitamin C. both the ratio of female plants, number of pollinating insects and fruit development is much influenced by climatic factors causing large variation in annual yields. cloudberry is mainly collected from natural stands, but there is an increased interest in cultivation and commercial cultivation tecchniques. Cultivation and plant breeing on cloudberry have been carried out for several years at Bioforsk nord, and has resulted in the release of four commercial varieties, including two male (Apollen and Apollto) and two female (Fjellgull and Fjordgull) varieties. These varieties have been selected for increased productivity by using profuse flowering, berry size and shooting capacity as criterions. In addition, the female varieties have been selected for the number of pistils per flower and the male varieties by the number of stamens per flower. Currently a new group of clones are evaluated with the aim of finding new cultivars for release. The clones are collected from different parts of Norway, as well as from England and Spitsbergen. Preliminary results from harvesting 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 indicate good production potential for some of the tested clones. There are two main aproaches for cloudberry cultivation; exploitation of natural cloudberry stands and the second is based on planting of improved plant material. Both approaches require fertilization and soil cultivation. Methods for propagation of material have been developed as well as a guide for greenhouse production of cloudberries. Recently attempts to cultivate natural stands of European blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) have been initiated. The fields are both on forest soil and on cultivated soil and are situated in North- Mid- and South-Norway.
Sammendrag
Examination of European blueberry (EB) populations from different latitudes in Norway revealed differences in growth, fruit yield and fruit quality. Two northern and two southern clones of EB (from between 61-69 degrees N) were grown at 12 degrees C and 18 degrees under shourt (12 h) and long (24 h) days. The northern clones were able to grow rapidly at reasonable low temperatures when given 24 hour light, while the southern clones seemed to be adapted to shorter days and were not able to use the 24 h light efficiently. In the field EB tended to grow longer shoots in 2009 at intermediate fertilization in half-cultivated forest fields fertilized in 2008 and 2009, while shoot number was not influenced by fertilization. Berry size and fruit yield in forest fields was not influenced by fertilization neither in 2008 nor in 2009. However, there were differences in yield between locations in both years and between soil conditions in 2008. Fertilized seedlings sawn in March 2008 and planted on farm land in July the same year, grew larger plants in 2009 compared with no fertilization, but developed no flowers. Content of sugar, anthocyanins, total phenols, and antioxidants was higher in Mid- and North- Norway compared to samples from the south, in 2008. Fruit quality parameters changed from early to late harvest in the ripening period (only samples from South Norway). Sugar content was highest at the early maturation stage, while anthocyanin levels were highest in the mid-harvest period and then declined. Antioxidant levels increased at later harvest dates, and data was clearly correlated with total phenol content but not with anthocyanins. Berries produced at 12 degrees had significantly higher % sugars (sucrose, fructose and glucose), phenolic acids and total phenols than berries produced at 18 degrees.
Forfattere
Jens Rohloff Inger Martinussen Eivind Uleberg Olavi Junttila A Hohtola Laura Jaakola Hely HäggmanSammendrag
The fruit quality of European blueberry (EB) is mainly determined by taste compounds (sugars, acids, flavour) and health-beneficial structures generally denoted as antioxidants (vitamin C, phenolic acids, flavonols, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins). Content and compound composition is strongly affected by the growth environment regarding light, temperature, water and edaphic factors. In order to assess genotypic relationships (northern and southern clones of EB) and environmental impact (temperature, day length) on berry quality parameters, a high-throughput system for blueberry metabolite profiling of nutritional compounds was established based on gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Dried methanol/H2O extracts from fresh-frozen berry tissue were derivatized, and subjected to GC/MS in order to detect polar compounds such as organic acids from Krebs-cycle, amino acids, sugars, polyols, and partly secondary metabolites (phenols, flavonoids). In addition, general quality parameters such as total phenols, total anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity (FRAP) were measured. Fructose (5 g), glucose (5 g), and sucrose (0.5 g/ 100 g f.w. at average) were the most abundant carbohydrates, together with high levels of organic acids such as citric acid (1.3 g), quinic acid (1.6 g), and malic acid (0.3 g/ 100 g f.w. at average). More than 50 metabolites per sample (identified compounds and not-annotated mass spectral tags) could be detected, and established the basis for multivariate statistics using principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering, and metabolite network analysis. Genotypic differences, modulation of metabolite pools and biosynthetic relationships are being discussed in-depth
Sammendrag
Two female and two male cultivars have previously been released as a result of clone evaluation at Bioforsk Nord Holt. Selection criteria have been number of pistils or stamens per flower, number of flowers and number of shoots per m2. Currently a new group of clones are evaluated with the aim of finding new cultivars for release. The clones are collected from different parts of Norway, as well as from England and Spitsbergen. Preliminary results from harvesting 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 indicate good production potential for a couple of the tested clones. In addition to prior selection criteria based on berry yield, the levels of total anthocyanins and total phenols have been analyzed. This includes studies on the role of female clone, male pollinator and temperature on berry quality.
Forfattere
Christer MagnussonSammendrag
The recent spread of pinewood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Europe is a concern to Nordic countries. Since PWN may exist in trees free of symptoms its distribution becomes unclear. Commodities like pulpwood, particle wood (PW) and wood packaging material (WPM) could have hidden infections. Pulpwood offers obvious risks of transmission due to a possible presence of both PWN and its vectors (Monochamus spp.). Generally, PW is considered to pose a low theoretical risk due to absence of vectors, and WPM no risk if heat treated. Transmission of PWN from infested wood to trees has been demonstrated, and a recurrent use of PW on sports tracks may during one forest cycle result in transmission. PWN can survive for long periods in wood, and reported limited heat treatment capacities indicate that infested WPM already may circulate within the EU. In the Nordic region, pallet wood is a popular fuel and is stored at summer houses where direct contact with trees could cause transmission. In Nordic locations establishment of PWN is expected to cause damage only in hot summers. Even in a warmer climate the damage at least in a 50 yrs perspective is expected to be small, but costs of nematode control will be very high. In a short perspective effects on Nordic exports are small, but in a longer perspective new outbreaks of pine wilt disease in Europe could change export markets. Key Words: Pinewood nematode, Europe, trade risks, Nordic region