Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2004
Forfattere
Marie Bengtsson Gunnhild Jåstad Sverre Kobro Peter WitzgallSammendrag
Om biologiska bekämpningsmetoder skall kunna etableres fullt ut i äppelodlingar i Norden är rönnbärsmalen, Argyresthia conjugella, en nyckelart. Först då metoderna innefattar ett effektivt skydd också mot denna mera oregelbundna skadegörare, kan de anses utgöra ett fullgott alternativ till konventionella behandlingar. Rönnbärsmalen lever i skogen, men invaderar äppelodlingar vartannat till vart fjärde år då blomningen och fruktsättningen i rönn uteblir. Arten angriper och skadar äpplena, men kan inte överleva på dem och etablerar sig därför inte permanent i fruktodlingar. I en bekämpningsmetod mot rönnbärsmalen måste man inrikta sig på att stoppa inflygningen av redan parade honor och därmed förhindra deras äggläggining. Det är varken ekonomiskt eller praktiskt möjligt att använda feromonförvirring eller nogon annan biologisk bekämpningsmetod i vidsträckta skogsområden. Prosjektets syfte är att identifiera växtdofter från rönn som styr äggläggningen hos rönnbärsmalenshonorna. Växtsubstanserna kommer att användas för massfångst av honor längs med äppelodlingarnas gränser och metoden skall utvecklas till en säker och kostnadseffektiv bekämpningsteknik. Första fasen av prosjektet är avstutad. Vi har identifierad en rad substanser som finns både i äpple och i rönn och som honan oppfatter med sina antenner. Dessutom har en nyckelsubstans som bara finns i rönn och som är mycket attraktiv för rönnbärsmalhonor kunnat identifieras. En blanding av denna med ytterligare en växtsubstans ger en mycket stark attraktion till fällor i fältforsök. En effektiv biologisk bekämpningsmetod mot rönnbärsmalen i kombinasjon med feromonbaserad bekämpning mot äppelveklaren ger för första gången odlarna ett hållbart alternativ till behandlingar med de oönskade och giftige insekticiderna.
Sammendrag
Thrips palmi er en karanteneskadegjører som kan gjøre stor skade i mange kulturer.
Forfattere
T. Yli-Mattila R.L. Mach I.A. Alekhina S.A. Bulat S. Koskinen C.M. Kulling-Gradinger C.P. Kubicek Sonja KlemsdalSammendrag
Fusarium langsethiae was recently described to accommodate "powdery" isolates of Fusarium poae, which morphologically resemble F. poae, but whose metabolite profile is similar to that of Fusarium sporotrichioides. In order to investigate the phylogenetic relationship of F. langsethiae to closely related species, we sequenced the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions 1 and 2 and part of the intergenic spacer (IGS) region of the rDNA cluster and part of the ß-tubulin gene from 109 strains of F. poae, F. sporotrichioides, F. langsethiae and Fusarium kyushuense from different geographic origin. Sequence analysis of ITS1 and 2 was unable to separate all F. sporotrichioides strains from F. langsethiae strains. Sequence analysis of ß-tubulin distinguished all four species, but it did not resolve the phylogenetic relationship between these two species. Sequence analysis of the IGS region distinguished the four species and led to a higher number of subgroups of the individual species, of which that of F. sporotrichioides var. minus isolates was even better supported than that of F. poae and F. langsethiae. Neighbor-joining and POY analyses of all combined sequences reliably separated all species studied, including F. langsethiae, clearly from F. sporotrichioides. The high intraspecific variability of the IGS sequences were found useful to group isolates according to their geographic origin. These results are in accordance with the results of the UP-PCR hybridization analysis. In summary, our data offer molecular support for the description of F. langsethiae as a new species in section Sporotrichiella.
Forfattere
H. Schmidt A. Adler A. Holst-Jensen Sonja Klemsdal A. Logrieco R.L. Mach H.I. Nirenberg U. Thrane M. Torp R.F. Vogel T. Yli-Mattila L. NiessenSammendrag
An integrated systematic study was carried out to clarify the taxonomical position and relationship of Fusarium langsethiae to other taxa within the Fusarium section Sporotrichiella. Strains of this species were compared with strains of the closely related species Fusarium poae and Fusarium sporotrichioides using a composite dataset. This set consisted of DNA sequences derived from the ribodsomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, partial sequences of the ribosomal intergenic spacer (IGS) region, the ß-tubulin and translation elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-l") genes, AFLP fingerprints, chromatographic data on secondary metabolites and morphological data and growth chharateristics. From these combined data, a consensus matrix was calculated by taking the mean of all pairwise distances between single isolates over all separate datasets. The consensus matrix was used as the basis for the construction of a UPGMA dendrogram and a multidimensional scaling, both of which revealed a clear separation of the three taxa. Partial IGS, EF-l" and ß-tubulin sequence - as well as chromatography - and AFLP-derived similarities turned out to be comparably consistent, while ITS sequence- and morphology-derived similarity matrices were rather divergent.
Forfattere
Stein Harald HjeltnesSammendrag
Artikkelen gjev eit tilbakeblikk på prosessen med etablering av Sognefrukt, eit felles fruktpakkeri for Sogn.
Forfattere
Stein Harald Hjeltnes Olav SørumSammendrag
Artikkelen tek føre seg skjeringsprinsipp som den danske fruktkonsulenten Svend Ramborg demonstrerte på ei markvandring i Sogn i februar 2004.
Forfattere
Finn Måge Kari Grønnerød Stein Harald HjeltnesSammendrag
Fruitlets of four plum cultivars were sampled and weighed at the first and fifteenth of the months Juli and August during 13 years. In years with high fruit weight the first of July, the weight was also high later in July and August. No clear correlations were found between weight in the summer and weight at harvest. For all cultivars the weight of fruitlets was high up to August in the years with early flowering. The time of flower opening was closely related to temperatures in April and May. In years with high temperatures in May and June, fruit ripening was early.
Forfattere
Stein Harald Hjeltnes Lars NornesSammendrag
Pollen germination of the cultivars Avalon, Excalibur, Reeves, Jubileum and Reine Claude Souffriau is tabulated along with results from pollination of these cultivars.
Forfattere
Stein Harald Hjeltnes Lars NornesSammendrag
Progress in the Norwegian plum breeding programme at Njøs is reported. After the occurence of Sharka, the germplasm was eradicated, and a new circle of hybridization was started in 2001. Large-fruited cultivars and early cultivars have been included in a North Carolina design 2 for the production of seedlings.
Forfattere
Stein Harald Hjeltnes Lars NornesSammendrag
Different reported methods for germination of plum seeds were tested in order to construct a more efficient protocol. A certain loss of germination capacity was found after drying of seeds followed by water saturation. The percentage of germination ranged between 0 and 80.