Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Sammendrag
Brassica carinata is an important oil crop with significant potential for food and industrial production. The application of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tool in B. c arinata could accelerate its breeding cycle. However, no efficient DNA-free gene editing method currently exists for this species. Protoplast-based CRISPR editing presents a promising solution, though it is often challenging for many crop species. In this study, we investigated several critical factors influencing in vitro shoot regeneration, including genotype, sugar type, selection and combination of plant growth regulators (PGRs), and culture duration on different media throughout various stages of protoplast development. As a result, we developed a highly efficient, five-stage protoplast regeneration protocol for B. carinata based on specific stages of protoplast development. Key findings of this study include the requirement for high concentrations of NAA and 2,4-D in the initial medium (MI) for cell wall formation, while a lower auxin concentration relative to cytokinin was necessary for active cell division (MII). For callus growth and shoot induction, a high cytokinin-to-auxin ratio was essential (MIII), and an even higher cytokinin-to-auxin ratio was optimal for shoot regeneration (MIV). For shoot elongation, low levels of BAP and GA 3 were sufficient (MV). Our results also demonstrated that the duration of culture on different media and maintaining appropriate osmotic pressure at the early stages were crucial for successful protoplast regeneration. With this optimized protocol, we achieved an average regeneration frequency of up to 64% and a transfection efficiency of 40% using the GFP marker gene. This efficient protoplast regeneration protocol is now being employed for genome editing in our lab and is expected to significantly enhance the application of the CRISPR system in both basic research and the genetic improvement of B. carinata over the long term.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ellen Johanne SvalheimSammendrag
Den truede orkideen, narrmarihånd, finnes kun i et lite område ved kysten i Grimstad og Lillesand. Oppformering av ville orkideer fra frø har tidligere vært svært vanskelig, da frøene trenger spesielle sopper for å spire. Forskere ved Nibio i Grimstad har nå funnet en metode for å oppformere orkideer, ved hjelp av en pensjonert svensk kirurg, Svante Malmgren. Metoden innebærer kunstig oppformering på laboratoriet, hvor frøene får sterile forhold og næring for å spire. Forskerne har allerede hatt suksess med metoden på to andre truede orkidéarter, søstermarihånd og honningblom. Nibio har fått støtte fra Statsforvalteren til å prøve metoden på narrmarihånd, med mål om å styrke populasjonen.
Forfattere
Ellen Johanne SvalheimSammendrag
Den sjeldne orkideen narrmarihand finnes kun i et lite område i Grimstad og Lillesand og står i fare for å forsvinne. Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi (NIBIO) på Landvik har mottatt over 150.000 kroner i støtte fra Statsforvalteren for å redde orkideen. Planteforsker Ellen Johanne Svalheim fra NIBIO forklarer at orkideen nå skal dyrkes i sterile omgivelser på et laboratorium. Svalheim forteller at målet er å styrke populasjonen ved å samle noen frø og starte produksjon av planter som skal tilbakeføres til deres naturlige voksesteder. Prosessen er komplisert og tidkrevende, men NIBIO har utviklet teknikker for å gi frøene sterile forhold og næringsmedium, slik at de begynner å spire i kolber. Dette arbeidet er et slags prøverørsopplegg.
Sammendrag
NoBlight-prosjektet, leia av NIBIO, har som mål å auka kunnskapen kring tørrote og tørrflekksjuke, slik at vi kan utvikla nye verktøy og strategiar for nedkjemping, og dermed redusera bruken av sprøytemiddel. Eit av delmåla i prosjektet er å kartlegga tørrote-populasjonar i Noreg og undersøkja den genetiske variasjonen innan populasjonane
Sammendrag
Forskere ved Nibio i Grimstad har funnet en metode som gjør at de kan redde den svært sjeldne og utrydningstruede orkidéen narrmarihånd.
Forfattere
Ellen Johanne SvalheimSammendrag
I en nesten glemt naturtype finner botanikere unike frø som kan sikre morgendagens matproduksjon. Solblom-prosjektet på Tjortedal blir nå inspirasjon for hele landet.
Sammendrag
Forskningsstasjonen Nibio Landvik, har fått et helt spesielt oppdrag. De skal redde en sjelden type orkidé fra utryddelse. Den finnes kun i Grimstad og i Lillesand i Norge nå.
Sammendrag
Plants in raingardens are important for evapotranspiration and maintaining infiltration properties. Hydrological conditions, however, fluctuate between dry and saturated, strongly affecting plant performance and limiting plant selection in design. This study experimentally assessed whether fluctuating hydrology impacts growth, flowering, and root morphology in the drought-tolerant Knautia arvensis and the wet-tolerant Lythrum salicaria. The hydrological regimes included repeated cycles of dry and wet conditions: Drought regime with cycles of a drought period followed by a single watering; Flooding regime with cycles of 72-hour flooding and a 48-hour drained period; and a subsequent Drought+Flooding regime with cycles of 72-hour flooding followed by a drought period. Knautia reduced growth under flooding cycles, while Lythrum reduced growth and flowering under drought cycles. Repeated consecutive drought and flooding cycles negatively influenced the growth of both species in the same way, with flooding affecting Knautia and drought affecting Lythrum. Lythrum showed more plasticity than Knautia, allocating more biomass to roots during drought cycles. Flooding cycles reduced root length in Knautia, while the drought cycles and consecutive Drought+Flooding cycles increased root diameter and decreased root length in Lythrum. Both species had coarse roots (> 2 mm) to support infiltration through biopores. If we assume that raingardens have free drainage and only rarely flood, drought-tolerant traits are more important. However, wet-tolerant species can benefit the system, especially through higher water use. This research contributes to the ecological understanding of plant responses to fluctuating hydrology, enabling a better plant selection for effective raingardens.
Forfattere
Hans‐Peter Schmidt Samuel Abiven Annette Cowie Bruno Glaser Stephen Joseph Claudia Kammann Johannes Lehmann Jens Leifeld Genxing Pan Daniel Rasse Cornelia Rumpel Dominic Woolf Andrew R. Zimmerman Nikolas HagemannSammendrag
1. The application of biochar to soil is a highly durable nature‐based carbon dioxide removal (CDR) pathway. It provides certifiable climate‐change mitigation, with mean carbon residence times exceeding 1,000 years, and additional co‐benefits for soil health and fertility. 2. Biochar persistence in soil depends on both intrinsic material properties and environmental factors. Its longevity is determined not only by the polyaromatic structure of the biochar itself but also by soil mineralogy, biological activity, and climatic conditions. 3. Biochar aging involves both decomposition and stabilization processes. The complementary mechanisms of decomposition and stabilization include interactions of biochar with minerals and native organic matter, as well as aggregations with soil particles that maintain its long‐term persistence. 4. Biochars and inertinite‐ranked fossil coals cannot be equated. Inertinite has been protected from biotic and abiotic oxidation for millions of years through burial in sediments and inclusion in minerals under high pressure and temperature. Biochar produced today in modern pyrolysis facilities is a fundamentally different material. 5. No carbonaceous material is completely inert. Field and laboratory studies consistently show measurable, though small, mineralization across a wide range of biochar types. Declaring that soil‐applied biochar carbon persists at 100% over millennia is inconsistent with current scientific understanding. 6. Analytical proxies indicate relative, but not absolute, biochar persistence. 7. Policy definitions of biochar CDR should reflect climate‐relevant timescales. The degree of persistence should be estimated on the order of centuries rather than millennia, supported by registered material properties, traceable application data, conservative modeling, and continued long‐term field experiments for model validation.