Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Forfattere
Anne-Kristin LøesSammendrag
Prosjektet "Frafallet blant norske økobønder ? hva er årsakene?" (2007-08) har gjennomført en spørreundersøkelse blant alle bønder som meldte seg ut av den økologiske sertifiseringsordningen og dermed ut av Debio mellom 2004 og 2007. Spørreskjemaet ble også sendt til en kontrollgruppe med bønder som drev økologisk i 2006. Alle bøndene i undersøkelsen hadde et driftsomfang som gjorde at de var kvalifisert til å motta produksjonstilskudd. Resultatene ble sammenstilt med opplysninger fra Statens landbruksforvaltning om arealer og dyretall. Et urovekkende resultat er at 25% av dagens økobønder planlegger å melde seg ut av Debio-ordningen i løpet av 5-10 år. Av dem som vil slutte er det 20% som vil legge ned drifta, 40% som vil gå over til konvensjonell drift, og hele 40% som vil drive etter økologiske retningslinjer, men uten Debiogodkjenning. Når det gjelder dem som har meldt seg ut, er det 55% av disse som nå driver konvensjonelt. 10% har startet opp igjen som Debiobønder,16% har lagt ned drifta, og 18% hevder at de driver etter økologiske retningslinjer uten sertifisering. Siden Debio-sertifisering er en forutsetning for å motta tilskudd til økologisk produksjon er det overraskende at så mange bønder er interessert i økologisk landbruk, men ikke godkjenningsordningen. For mye byråkrati med Debiosertifisering og ?kontroll ble da også oppgitt som den klart viktigste årsaken til utmelding av dem som hevder å drive etter retningslinjene, men uten Debio-inspeksjoner. For dårlig lønnsomhet og usikkerhet rundt landbrukspolitikken var også viktige årsaker til utmelding, mens sosiale forhold som manglende støtte fra familie og naboer var av liten betydning. Resultatene blir nå analysert statistisk, og bearbeidet ved hjelp av en teoretisk beslutningsmodell.
Forfattere
Trygve S. AamlidSammendrag
The sand used for green construction is usually amended with peat or compost, but there is no requirement for organic amendment (OA) of USGA green rootzones. The objective of this experiment was to compare USGA greens constructed with various root zone compositions. The experiment was conducted in the turf lysimeter facility at Bioforsk Landvik (58º20"N, 12 m a.s.l., 30 yr mean annual temp. 6.9ºC, 30 yr mean annual rainfall 1230 mm) from Sep. 2003 to May 2007. The sand used in green construction had 13% very coarse sand (>1.0mm), 74% coarse and medium sand (0.25-1.0 mm), 7% fine sand (0.15-0.25 mm), and 6% fine particles (
Sammendrag
In Norway, public procurement of food to youth is not well developed in comparison to many other European and Scandinavian countries. School meals are only offered in very few primary schools, and the common school meal is a packed lunch (sandwiches) brought from home, consumed in the class room. Subscription schemes for milk were introduced around 1970, and for fruit around 1995. Organic milk and fruit is offered only in some regions. Since 2007, fruit is served without payment in all schools with a lower secondary level (class 8-10 or 1-10). This effort was introduced as a first step to develop a free school meal in all public schools, which is a goal of one of the political parties in the current government. As in many other European countries, free school meals were offered (especially to poor children) in schools in the larger Norwegian cities around 1900. However, these meals were criticised for being unhealthy, and replaced by whole grain bread, milk and vegetables around 1930. Increasing private wealth, and increased demand for investments in school buildings, books etc changed the public priority and free school meals disappeared in Oslo around 1960. Today, there is not a general agreement about the optimal school meal composition, and whether or not the meals should be funded by the public. However, the increasing length of the school day and unsatisfactory scores of Norwegian pupils in international comparison tests (e.g. PISA) makes the school meal sector highly relevant in the public debate. Three cases that will be studied in a research project about public organic food procurement for youth are briefly described: The municipality of Trondheim, Øya music festival in Oslo and the Air Force Academy. (Increased) serving of organic food is an important aim in all these cases, and young people are an important target group. The report is produced within the project “innovative Public Organic food Procurement for Youth”, iPOPY, and will be updated and revised during the project period (2007-2010).
Forfattere
Stine Rosenlund Hansen Hannah W. Schmidt Thorkild Nielsen Niels Heine KristensenSammendrag
The report is produced within the project “innovative Public Organic food Procurement for Youth”, iPOPY, and will be updated and revised during the project period (2007-2010).
Forfattere
Minna MikkolaSammendrag
Public catering in Finland has strong historical roots from the 19th century, connected with the rise of the national state, industrialisation, democracy and modern times in general. The school meal system developed hand in hand with work place meal services, and inherently the aim was to offer lateral support for workers' and pupils' activities by healthy and wholesome nutrition. The public catering had initially a strong label of welfare services and implied economical use of ingredients. Later on, the character of public service of the welfare state was emphasised, as public catering was perceived as a way to promote equality between citizens. The public meal system, and school meal system as part of it, represented not a self-evident and 'natural' developmental path, but can be seen as a result of extensive political, economic and organisational efforts, even fights. Further on, the nutritional and cultural orientations were strengthened when the public school meal system was made a statutory free service for all pupils, first in basic education, and later in secondary education. Today the Finnish welfare state meets the challenge of greying societies and decreasing labour force, and the school meal system, as all public provision systems, in confronted with the trend for increased efficiency and economical operations, including food procurement. Even within these restrictive organisational environments, there is interest in environmentally friendly food and sustainable development by public caterers, municipal officials and politicians of all parties. While the conventional meal system is the prevailing one, there are also movements towards sustainable catering in hundreds of schools around Finland, connected to Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) program. The report is produced within the project “innovative Public Organic food Procurement for Youth”, iPOPY, and will be updated and revised during the project period (2007-2010).
Forfattere
Stefano Bocchi Roberto Spigarolo Natale Marcomini Valerio SartiSammendrag
Political organisation and policies about school catering and public organic procurement in Italy. The report is produced within the project ―innovative Public Organic food Procurement for Youth‖, iPOPY, and will be updated and revised during the project period (2007-2010).
Forfattere
Minna MikkolaSammendrag
Public catering in Finland has strong historical roots from the 19th century, connected with the rise of the national state, industrialisation, democracy and modern times in general. The school meal system developed hand in hand with work place meal services, and inherently the aim was to offer lateral support for workers" and pupils" activities by healthy and wholesome nutrition. The public catering had initially a strong label of welfare services and implied economical use of ingredients. Later on, the character of public service of the welfare state was emphasised, as public catering was perceived as a way to promote equality between citizens. The public meal system, and school meal system as part of it, represented not a self-evident and "natural" developmental path, but can be seen as a result of extensive political, economic and organisational efforts, even fights. Further on, the nutritional and cultural orientations were strengthened when the public school meal system was made a statutory free service for all pupils, first in basic education, and later in secondary education. Today the Finnish welfare state meets the challenge of greying societies and decreasing labour force, and the school meal system, as all public provision systems, in confronted with the trend for increased efficiency and economical operations, including food procurement. Even within these restrictive organisational environments, there is interest in environmentally friendly food and sustainable development by public caterers, municipal officials and politicians of all parties. While the conventional meal system is the prevailing one, there are also movements towards sustainable catering in hundreds of schools around Finland, connected to Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) program. The report is produced within the project "innovative Public Organic food Procurement for Youth", iPOPY, and will be updated and revised during the project period (2007-2010).
Forfattere
Peder Lombnæs Andrew C. Chang Bal Ram SinghSammendrag
Abstract: A series of experiments were conducted to examine the interactive effects of an organic ligand, a competing cation, and PH on the dissolution of zinc (Zn) from three California soils, Maymen sandy loam, Merced clay, and Yolo clay loam. The concentrations of soluble Zn of the three soils were low in a background solution of Ca(NO3)(2). Citric acid, a common organic ligand found in the rhizosphere, was effective in mobilizing Zn in these soils; its presence enhanced the concentration of Zn in soil solution by citrate forming a complex with Zn. The ability of Zn to form a complex with citric acid in the soil solution was dependent on the concentration of citric acid, PH, and the concentration of the competing cation Ca2+. The PH of the soil solution determined the extent of desorption of Zn in solid phase in the presence of citric acid. The amounts of Zn released from the solid phase were proportional to the concentration of citric acid and inversely proportional to the concentration of Ca(NO3)(2) background solution, which supplied the competing cation Ca2+ for the formation of a complex with citrate. When the soil suspension was spiked with Zn, the adsorption of Zn by the soils was retarded by citric acid via the formation of the soluble Zn-citrate complex. The dissolution of Zn in the presence of citric acid was PH dependent in both adsorption and desorption processes.
Forfattere
Aina LundonSammendrag
Presentasjon av prosjektet "Organic proteinfeed and edible oil from oilseed crops" og resultater og erfaringer fra feltforsøkene i 2007.
Forfattere
Arvid Steen Turid Strøm Aksel BernhoftSammendrag
Background Selenium is part of the antioxidant defence system in animals and humans. The available selenium concentration in soil is low in many regions of the world. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of organic versus inorganic selenium supplementation on selenium status of ewes, their lambs, and slaughter lambs. Methods Ewes on four organic farms were allocated five or six to 18 pens. The ewes were given either 20 mg/kg inorganic selenium as sodium selenite or organic selenium as selenized nonviable yeast supplementation for the two last months of pregnancy. Stipulated selenium concentrations in the rations were below 0.40 mg/kg dry matter. In addition 20 male lambs were given supplements from November until they were slaughtered in March. Silage, hay, concentrates, and individual ewe blood samples were taken before and after the mineral supplementation period, and blood samples were taken from the newborn lambs. Blood samples from ewes and lambs in the same pens were pooled. Muscle samples were taken from slaughter lambs in March. Selenium concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry with a hydride generator system. In the ANOVA model, selenium concentration was the continuous response variable, and selenium source and farm were the nominal effect variables. Two-sample t-test was used to compare selenium concentrations in muscle samples from the slaughtered lambs that received either organic or inorganic selenium supplements. Results In all ewe pens the whole blood selenium concentrations increased during the experimental period. In addition, ewe pens that received organic selenium had significantly higher whole blood selenium concentrations (mean 0.28 "g/g) than ewe pens that received inorganic selenium (mean 0.24 "g/g). Most prominent, however, was the difference in their lambs; whole blood mean selenium concentration in lambs from mothers that received organic selenium (mean 0.27 "g/g) was 30% higher than in lambs from mothers that received inorganic selenium (mean 0.21 "g/g). Slaughter lambs that received organic selenium had 50% higher meat selenium concentrations (mean 0.12 mg/kg wet weight) than lambs that received inorganic selenium (mean 0.08 mg/kg wet weight). Conclusion Organic selenium supplementation gave higher selenium concentration in ewe and newborn lamb blood and slaughter lamb meat than inorganic selenium supplementation.