Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2007
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Clemens Reimann Arnold Arnoldussen Peter Englmaier Peter Filzmoser Tor Erik Finne Robert G. Garrett Friedrich Koller Øystein NordgulenSammendrag
Rock samples and the C-, B- and O-horizons of soils developed on these rocks were collected in forested areas along a 120-km south–north transect in southern Norway, passing through the city of Oslo. Forty samples (1 site/3 km) were analysed for 37 chemical elements (Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, K, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, W and Zn) following an aqua regia digestion; pH (water extract) and loss on ignition were also determined. The O-horizon soils were additionally analysed for Pt. Gold is the only element that shows a clear anthropogenic peak in the O-horizon soils collected from the city of Oslo. Silver, Au, Bi, Cd, Hg, Pb, S, Sb, Se and Sr all show a strong enrichment in the O-horizon when compared to the underlying C-horizon or the bedrock along the full length of the transect. Neither geology nor anthropogenic input of elements dominate the observed patterns. The most important factors for the observed element concentrations in the O-horizon are weathering, uptake (or rejection) of elements by plants and the kinetics of decay of the organic material in the O-horizon. Climate, especially temperature and precipitation, has an important influence on the formation and decay rates of the organic soil layer. Acid precipitation will delay the decomposition of the organic layer and lead to a natural enrichment of several metals in the O-horizon. Land use change, deforestation and liming can all increase the decay kinetics of organic matter and thus result in a release of the stored element pool.
Forfattere
Clemens Reimann Arnold Arnoldussen Rognvald Boyd Tor Erik Finne Friedrich Koller Øystein Nordgulen Peter EnglmaierSammendrag
Forty samples each of leaves of birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.), European mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia (L.)) and bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) as well as spruce needles (Picea abies (L.) Karsten) were collected along a 120 km south–north transect running through Norway\"s largest city, Oslo. Concentrations of 25 chemical elements (Ag, Au, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Sr, Ti, and Zn) as well as loss on ignition for the 4 sample materials are reported. The decline of input of sea spray with distance from the coast, geology, pH and anthropogenic contamination all played a role for the observed element concentrations in the leaves. Although growing under exactly the same natural conditions each plant species displayed quite unique uptake characteristics. Plant-species dependency and individual differences in the reaction of the plant leaves to different element sources make the investigated species of very limited value as bioindicators of anthropogenic activities. Anthropogenic contamination influences plant-leaf element content within a limited distance ( 20 km) from the source.
Forfattere
Clemens Reimann Arnold Arnoldussen Tor Erik Finne Friedrich Koller Øystein Nordgulen Peter EnglmaierSammendrag
Forty samples each of leaves, bark and wood of mountain birch (Betula pubescens EHRH.) were collected along a 120 km long south-north transect running through Norway\"s largest city, Oslo. Concentrations of 26 chemical elements (Ag, As, Au, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Sr, Ti and Zn) as well as loss on ignition for the three sample materials are reported. By far the highest concentrations of most elements appear in the leaves. Prominent exceptions are Au and Pb, both of which are enriched in wood, indicating the importance of root-uptake, and As which is enriched in bark. Bedrock lithology, ore occurrences, soil pH and urban contamination all have a visible influence on the element concentrations in mountain birch leaves, bark and wood. It is often impossible to differentiate between all the factors that can influence element concentrations in the three sample materials. Mountain birch bark shows the strongest anthropogenic impact of the city of Oslo for dust-related elements (Fe, La, Ti) and Sb. Even in mountain birch bark the influence of the city on element concentrations is no longer discernible from the background variation at a distance of less than 20 km from Oslo centre. Compared to terrestrial moss, mountain birch appears to be of little value as a biomonitor for urban contamination.
Sammendrag
Registreringen viser et høyere antall grensekryssende elg i trekket i vintersessongen 2006-2007 i forhold til vintersesongen 2005-2006. Totalt ble det observert 91 elg som krysset elva i registreringsperioden, mot 48 forrige vintersesong. Nettoinnvandringen til Norge siste vinter var 61 dyr i forhold til 37 året før. Kalveandelen i både Øvre og Nedre Pasvik var høyere enn foregående år, beregnet til 36 % av elgene på trekk i forhold til 20 % året før.
Forfattere
Eva Skarbøvik Per Stålnacke Øyvind Kaste John Rune Selvik Stig Borgvang Torulv Tjomsland Tore Høgåsen Stein BeldringSammendrag
Rapporten presenterer resultatene av overvåkingsprogrammet "Elvetilførsler" eller RID, for 2006.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
The Skjønhaug constructed wetland (CW) is a free surface water (FSW) wetland polishing chemically treated municipal wastewater in southeastern Norway and consists of three ponds as well as trickling, unsaturated filters with light weight aggregates (LWA). Fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) have been measured during the autumn, winter and summer from all three ponds as well as from the unsaturated filters. Physicochemical parameters of the water have been measured at the same localities. The large temporal and spatial variation of N2O fluxes was found to cover a range of -0.49 to 110 mg N2O-N m-2 day-1, while the fluxes of CH4 was found to cover a range of -1.2 to 1900 mg m-2 day-1. Thus, both emission and consumption occurred. Regarding fluxes of N2O there was a significant difference between the summer, winter and autumn, with the highest emissions occurring during the autumn. The fluxes of CH4 were, on the other hand, not significantly different with regard to seasons. Both the emission of N2O and CH4 was positively influenced by the amount of total organic carbon (TOC). The measured fluxes of N2O and CH4 are in the same range as those reported from other CWs treating wastewater. There was an approximately equal contribution to the global warming potential from N2O and CH4.
Forfattere
Gunnhild Wærstad Takle Lisbeth J. Hyman Ron Wheatley Paul Birch May Bente Brurberg Ian K. TothSammendrag
Bakterien Pectobacterium atrosepticum forårsaker stengelråte og bløtråte på potet. Til tross for stor utbredelse vet man lite om bakteriens liv utenfor potet. Vi presenterer her forsøk som peker mot en alternativ livsstil for P. atrosepticum som en mulig symbiont på brassica-røtter i tillegg til dens velkjente rolle som potetpatogen. Dette kan få konsekvenser for bekjempelsesstrategier mot denne bakterien.
Forfattere
Gunnhild Wærsted Takle Lisbeth J. Hyman Ron Wheatley Paul Birch May Bente Brurberg Ian K. TothSammendrag
Bakterien Pectobacterium atrosepticum forårsaker stengelråte og bløtråte på potet. Til tross for stor utbredelse vet man lite om bakteriens liv utenfor potet. Vi presenterer her forsøk som peker mot en alternativ livsstil for P. atrosepticum som en mulig symbiont på brassica-røtter i tillegg til den velkjente rolle som potetpatogen. Dette kan få konsekvenser for bekjempelsesstrategier mot denne bakterien.