Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2016
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Even Bergseng Gry Alfredsen Janka Dibdiakova Lone Ross Ivar Gjerde Aksel Granhus Gunnhild SøgaardSammendrag
Skogen har vært, er og vil være en viktig ressurs i Norge. Skogen leverer biomasse til produksjon av en mengde forskjellige varer: bioenergi i mange former, treprodukter til bygningsindustri, papir og papp, og avanserte produkter fra bioraffineringsprosesser. I fremtiden vil trolig trebaserte produkter dekke et enda bredere produktspekter. Tilgangen på biomasse er imidlertid begrenset, selv om bevisst forvaltning kan øke tilgangen utover dagens nivå. Skogen leverer også andre økosystemtjenester, som biodiversitet og friluftsliv, og kan ikke minst spille en rolle i det grønne skiftet. Men optimal forvaltning for klima og næring kan stå i motsetning til optimal forvaltning for andre økosystemtjenester.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Background: Many wingless ectoparasites have a limited capacity for active movement and are therefore primarily dependent on hitchhiking on their hosts for transportation. The distribution of the tick Ixodes ricinus is expected to depend mainly on transportation by hosts and tick subsequent survival in areas where they drop off. In Europe, the most important hosts of adult female I. ricinus are cervids. The extensive space use of large hosts provides a much larger dispersal potential for I. ricinus than that of smaller mammalian hosts. We aim to determine the contribution of red deer (Cervus elaphus) space use on the spatial distribution of I. ricinus, after accounting for landscape factors. Methods: We analysed the spatial distribution of I. ricinus with generalised mixed effects models (GLMMs) based on data from extensive field surveys of questing density in two coastal regions in Norway, from which home range data from 73 red deer with GPS collars were available. Red deer home ranges were derived using the kernel method to identify areas most frequently used by deer. We first fitted a baseline model with tick questing densities relative to landscape features that are likely to affect local climate conditions and hence, survival. We then added deer space use variables to the baseline model with only landscape variables to test whether areas more frequently used by red deer had higher questing tick densities. Results: Questing I. ricinus density was predicted by several landscape features, such as elevation, distance to the fjord and topographic slope. In addition, we found that areas more heavily used within the red deer home ranges, correlated with higher questing tick densities. Increased effects of deer space use were additive to the landscape model, suggesting that correlations were more than just shared landscape preferences between deer and ticks. Conclusions: Our results imply that the distribution of I. ricinus is controlled by a complex set of factors that include both local conditions related to landscape properties that affect survival and how the large host population redistributes ticks. In particular, we have provided evidence that the local distribution of large hosts, with their extensive space use, redistributes ticks at the local scale.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Li Lai Xianjin Huang Hong Yang Xiaowei Chuai Mei Zhang Taiyang Zhong Zhigang Chen Yi Chen Xiao Wang Julian R. ThompsonSammendrag
China has experienced enormous changes in land use in recent decades, which are largely driven by its unparalleled economic development. We analyze changes in vegetation and soil carbon storage between 1990 and 2010 resulting from combinations of land-use category conversion and management. Results demonstrate a major decline in grasslands (−6.85%; 20.83 × 106 ha) and large increases in urban areas (+43.73%; 6.87 × 106 ha), farmlands (+0.84%; 1.48 × 106 ha), and forests (+0.67%; 1.52 × 106 ha). The total soil organic carbon pool has been reduced by approximately 11.5 Tg of carbon (TgC) year−1, whereas 13.2 TgC year−1 has accumulated in the biomass carbon pool because of land-use category change. Large carbon losses (approximately 101.8 TgC year−1) have resulted from land management failures, including forest fires and insect pests. Overall land-use change and land management have contributed about 1.45 Pg of carbon to the total carbon released from 1990 to 2010. Our results highlight the importance of improving land-use management, especially in view of the recently proposed expansion of urban areas in China.
Forfattere
Ketil HaarstadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Eva SkarbøvikSammendrag
Artikkelen presenterer resultater fra analyser av fosforinnhold i sediment i elvekanter, samt ut testing av fem ulike metoder for å kvanti sere kanterosjon i to leirelver på Østlandet. Gjennom snittlig innhold av totalfosfor i kantsedimentet var om lag 700 mg/kg. Fosforinnholdet i kant sedimentet var noe lavere enn i åkerjorda, men denne forskjellen kunne forklares med en lavere andel leirfraksjoner og organisk materiale i kant sedimentet. Metodene som ble testet ut for å kvanti sere kanterosjon, omfattet gjentatte befaringer og fotografering av elvekantene, erosjonspinner, fotogrammetri (3Dfotografering), sammenlig ning av elveløpsform med historiske yfoto, samt kjemisk sporing av sedimentet. Konklusjonen var at ingen av de utprøvde metodene er optimale, men at erosjonspinner kombinert med fotogra fering under befaringer kan gi et grovt estimat av erosjonen. Av 13 lokaliteter var det re hvor det ikke ble påvist erosjon, og ni lokaliteter hvor beregnede erosjonsrater utgjorde fra 100 til mer enn 1500 kg sediment pr. lengdemeter elvebredde og år. Den mest omfattende erosjonen ble funnet ved en lokalitet hvor trær langs elvekanten var kuttet ned.
Forfattere
Przemyslaw Wachniew Anna Zurek Christine Stumpp Alexandra Gemitzi Alessandro Gargini Maria Filippini Kazimierz Rozanski Jessica Meeks Jens Kværner Stanislaw WitczakSammendrag
Assessing the vulnerability of groundwater to adverse effects of human impacts is one of the most important problems in applied hydrogeology. At the same time, many of the widespread vulnerability assessment methods do not provide physically meaningful and operational indicators of vulnerability. Therefore, this review summarizes (i) different methods used for intrinsic vulnerability assessment and (ii) methods for different groundwater systems. It particularly focuses on (iii) timescale methods of water flow as an appropriate tool and (iv) provides a discussion on the challenges in applying these methods. The use of such physically meaningful indices based on timescales is indispensable for groundwater resources management.