Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Forfattere
Aslaf Belachew Arne Stensvand Nina Trandem Vitalis Wafula Wekesa Gilberto de Moraes Ingeborg KlingenSammendrag
The co-occurrence of powdery mildew, Podosphaera aphanis, and the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, on strawberry plants requires a strategic use of fungicides to control powdery mildew without harming predatory mites and other beneficial organisms. Sulfur has been used for two centuries to manage powdery mildew and is the only fungicide approved for use in organic strawberry production in Norway. However, there are contrasting reports in the literature about the effect of sulfur on predatory mites and two-spotted spider mite from field studies. Controlled laboratory experiments were therefore conducted on strawberry leaf disks to study the main as well as the interacting effects of sulfur on P. aphanis, T. urticae and the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis. The following seven treatment combinations: 1) Sulfur + P. aphanis 2) Sulfur + T. urticae 3) Sulfur + P. persimilis 4) Sulfur + P.aphanis + P.persimilis 5) Sulfur + P.aphanis + T.urticae 6) Sulfur + P. Persimilis + T.urticae 7) Sulfur + P.aphanis + P.persimilis + T.urticae and seven parallel treatment combinations with water instead of sulfur (control) were used. Leaf disks were dipped in a sulfur (Thiovit Jet) solution or water and inoculated with P. aphanis after the sulfur/ water had dried on the leaf surface. In treatments with mites, five female T. urticae and one female P. persimilis were added per leaf disk. Preliminary analysis of the results showed that only the predatory mite and sulfur significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected egg production and mortality of T. urticae. In the treatment that combined sulfur + P. aphanis + P. persimilis + T. urticae a significantly reduction in T. urticae egg production was seen. However, there was no significant effect on egg production and mortality of T. urticae in the three-way or two-way interactions of sulfur, powdery mildew and predatory mite. There was no significant effect of sulfur on mortality of P. persimilis, and sulfur did not seem to affect the efficiency of this predatory mite. Powdery mildew did not affect T. urticae probably because the mildew was not well developed due to inoculation at the same time as the mites were added. In another experiment, however, mites were released on leaf disks that had well developed powdery mildew, and here a negative effect of the mildew on T. urticae egg production was clearly seen.
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Denne rapporten gir en gjennomgang av ulike forebyggende og konfliktdempende tiltak som har blitt finansiert av Fylkesmannen i Nordland i perioden 2000-2009. Det er tatt utgangspunkt i saksdokumenter hos Fylkesmannen, samt data fra erstatningsoppgjøret (Rovbase.no) og Organisert beitebruk. Prosedyrene for finansieringsordningen er også vurdert.
Forfattere
Linda Bergaust Hans Ragnar Norli Dag Ekeberg Camilla Stene Hanne DevleSammendrag
The accumulation of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in the environment raises concern in light of observed detrimental effects on wildlife as well as on public health. We here present a recently modified method for the identification and quantification of the following selection of bromodiphenyl ether (BDE) flame retardants: BDE-17, -47, -66, -100, -153 and -183, in soil and sediments, using a new extraction procedure followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Low- and high- resolution mass spectrometry (LRMS and HRMS, respectively) were compared and the latter was found to be superior with respect to both sensitivity and linear range. At LRMS mode the linear range was 3.8 - 19.2 ng/g, while the use of HRMS more than doubled the linear range to 1.9 - 38.4 ng/g. Both methods were tested with regards to matrix associated effects on the limit of detection and quantification. The use of HRMS yielded equal sensitivity for standards in solution and matrix. This was not the case when using LRMS. Here the limits of detection and quantification were severely elevated by the matrix. Recoveries were comparable, but slightly higher at LRMS mode (77.0 - 121.9%) compared to HRMS (83.2 - 115.3%). The method described here is high throughput, low cost and will prove valuable in monitoring the levels of BFRs in the environment.
Forfattere
Ola Hanserud Anne BøenSammendrag
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Forfattere
Ola Stedje Hanserud Anne BøenSammendrag
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Forfattere
Espen Govasmark Anicke Brandt-Kjelsen Joanna Szpunar Katarzyna Bierla Gerd Vegarud Brit SalbuSammendrag
Abstract: Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element to animals and humans as Se is incorporated in a series of organic molecules, such as 30 mammalian selenoproteins or seleno-enzymes, which are vital for the basic functions of life. To increase the Se intake in Se-deficient areas, food and feed can be enriched using Se fertilizers or supplements. The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution, speciation, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability of Se in Se-enriched wheat (SW) grain and in Se-enriched chicken meat products using commercial enzymes and human gastric juices (HGJs). Results from the present work show that Se in wheat is bioaccessible and bioavailable, and that SW flour or bran can serve as a valuable dietary source of Se to humans. However, the bioaccessibility studies using commercial enzymes and HGJs for wheat flour, bran, and chicken meat digestion suggests that the use of commercial enzymes overestimate Se bioavailability. Furthermore, the use of NaCl or Tris-HCl to extract Se proteins from enriched products was not suited for bioaccessibility studies.The SW flour or bran can, however, serve as a valuable dietary source of Se to humans.
Forfattere
Espen Govasmark Børge Holen Jessica Stäb Mirja Salkinoja-Salonen Douwe Hoornstra Hilde Marit Østlie Tommy NesbakkSammendrag
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Forfattere
Espen GovasmarkSammendrag
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