Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2026
Forfattere
Eva SkarbøvikSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
2025
Sammendrag
This paper addresses water governance in the context of dissolved organic matter emissions into water bodies and cultural eutrophication. Through a comparative interdisciplinary analysis of cases from Norway, the Czech Republic, and China, it seeks to identify core principals of effective water governance and suggest strategies for achieving good ecological and chemical status of raw water. The analysis presents each case by exploring natural and societal processes, emphasising the interdependence between society and nature, and applying a theoretical framework. In this way, the paper contributes to the broader field of water governance studies. The central conclusion is that raw water quality results from “muddling through” processes involving stakeholders with diverse and sometimes conflicting interests. Building the capabilities to manage such contingencies is essential for successful governance. Four critical dimensions are identified as key to this capability: (i) robust environmental knowledge and literacy; (ii) stronger representation of non-human interest; (iii) regulatory measures and economic incentives to enhance raw water quality; and (iv) integrated multi-level governance combining top-down and bottom-up approaches. Strengthening these dimensions can also help mitigate the structural economic pressure driving the exploitation of “cheap nature”.
Forfattere
Jan Stefan Karlsson Georg Finsrud Arve Heistad Guro Hensel Petter D. Jenssen Melesse Eshetu_Moges John Morken Trond Mæhlum Divina Gracia P. Rodriguez Daniel TodtSammendrag
Økt grad av gjenvinning av ressurser i avløpsvannet kan utfordre gjeldende regelverk, som for eksempel bruk av kildesortert urin som gjødsel i matproduksjon. Dette krever videre utredninger og aksept for pilotprosjekt, noe som ikke er vurdert i denne rapporten. For å adressere dette problemet har Akershus og Vestfold Fylkeskommuner, samt vannområdene Auli-vassdraget og Horten-Larvik gått sammen om å finansiere et prosjekt med en total støtte på 1,35 millioner kroner. Prosjektet, ledet av NMBU, startet i september 2024 og var høsten 2025. I tillegg til NMBU har NIBIO, ScanWater, Multiconsult og åtte kommuner bidratt med subsidierte timerater. Fra Vestfold fylke har Holmestrand, Horten, Tønsberg, Sandefjord, Larvik og Færder kommuner deltatt. Fra Akershus har Lunner og Ås kommuner deltatt. HIAS og VEAS har deltatt i en viss grad for å sørge for erfaringsoverføring fra egne prosjekter med nitrogen-fjerning fra store sentrale renseanlegg, finansiert av Miljødirektoratet. Både kildeseparerte og konvensjonelle renseanlegg er vurdert i prosjektet. Oppgaven er løst med litteratursammenstillinger, gjennomgang av overvåkningsdata, workshop med utveksling av informasjon mellom deltakere, beregninger i regnearkmodeller i utvalgte case og innhenting av data om komponenter og kostnader fra leverandører og eiere av renseanlegg. Rapporten oppsummerer erfaringer fra prosjektet.
Forfattere
Line Johanne Barkved Caroline Enge Eva Skarbøvik Idun Rognerud Berit Köhler Åsa Renman Lars Kristian Selbekk Anne-Grete Buseth BlankenbergSammendrag
I Norge er det en nasjonal føring å benytte naturbaserte løsninger (NBL) i klimatilpasning og samfunnsplanlegging. Dette gjelder også i vannforvaltningen, som ifølge vannforskriften skal være kunnskapsbasert, helhetlig og økosystembasert. Motivert av at ulike aktører gjennomgående oppgir at de trenger mer kunnskap for å ta i bruk NBL, har vi undersøkt hva dette kunnskapsbehovet består i. Arbeidsmøter og intervjuer med interessenter i nedbørfeltene til Gausa og Haldenvassdraget, og informanter fra lokal, regional og nasjonal forvaltning i perioden 2021-25, har gitt innsikt i hvilken type kunnskap som trengs. Resultatene viser at det etterspørres ulik fagkunnskap, eksempelvis både juridisk og teknisk kunnskap for gjennomføring av NBL, og kunnskap om tverrfaglig samarbeid for helhetlige løsninger. Funnene viser at det er behov for å utvikle ny kunnskap, for eksempel om effekter av NBL under lokale klimaforhold, samtidig som det er stort behov for å tilgjengeliggjøre og dele kunnskap som allerede finnes på tvers av ulike aktører og sektorer.
Forfattere
Tibor Zsigmond Csilla Farkas Andor Bódi Zsófia Bakacsi Eszter Tóth Márton Dencső Ágota HorelSammendrag
The aim of the present study was to investigate stream turbidity and water chemical parameters under varying environmental conditions. We analyzed a three-year-long (2021-2023) daily and bi-weekly dataset collected at six points (P1-P6) along a small stream. We measured stream water turbidity (FNU), total dissolved inorganic nitrogen (TDIN) content, water pH, and specific conductivity (SPC). Meteorological data were collected at the catchment outlet. Daily data showed a moderate positive correlation between FNU and precipitation (r=0.42, p <0.001), while weak negative connections were observed between SPC and FNU values (r=-0.14, p =0.011, n=349). The FNU values at the groundwater spring-fed sampling point (P3) were significantly different from the other sampling points on most parameters ( p <0.05). The results of the cluster analysis revealed three main clusters based on daily turbidity data. These groups of daily precipitation totals were i) below 4.8 mm, ii) averaging 6.3 mm, and iii) averaging 23.7 mm. The clusters were most significantly separated along precipitation and FNU values. Turbidity values were strongly correlated with precipitation events for two days, after which stream water quality returned to baseline. Stream water quality was not significantly influenced by soil management or antecedent moisture content but rather by water origin (i.e., precipitation, groundwater).
Forfattere
Hannu Marttila Joy Bhattacharjee Katrin Bieger Brian Kronvang Mikołaj Piniewski Svajunas Plunge Ignacy Kardel Marek Giełczewski Csilla Farkas Moritz Shore Mojtaba Shafiei Arturs Veinbergs Ieva Siksnane Kaspars Abramenko Ainis Lagzdins Kristina Mårtensson Sara Sandström Katarina KyllmarSammendrag
This document describes comparison of SWAT+ model with national/regional hydrogeochemical models as well as graphs and maps of the most relevant outputs documenting the model performance and comparison. Case and demonstration study-specific model descriptions and inputs are in the report as appendices.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Changes in land use and climate are affecting our water resources in many ways, and can result in nutrient enrichment (eutrophication), increased sediment loads and other pollution (e.g., heavy metals, organic pollutants, and other hazardous substances). Hence, it will become increasingly important to monitor responses in water quality of both human pressures and the effects of the mitigation measures we employ. At the same time, water quality, especially in streams, is notorious for its rapid fluctuations over time, which can mean that information is lost when using water grab sampling with monthly, bi-weekly or even weekly intervals. Here, sensor technology can offer a solution, as it can monitor a set of substances frequently and give us data in real-time, at relatively low costs. In this policy brief, mainly aimed at water managers, we give an overview of advantages and challenges with sensor monitoring, related to their multiple uses.
Sammendrag
Reducing diffuse nutrient losses to water bodies remains a major problem in the agricultural areas of the Nordic countries. The transition towards a bioeconomy and ongoing climate change raise questions on the future of water quality and freshwater ecosystems and what kind of adaptation strategies could be implemented to maintain both food and environmental safety. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Natural Soil Water Retention Measures (NSWRMs) under current and future climate conditions in retaining water, soil particles and nutrients within the landscape. The hydro-biochemical model SWAT+ was implemented in the Krakstad catchment in southern Norway using the novel approach developed within the EU H2020 project OPTAIN. This approach enables an improved spatial representation of NSWRMs in the landscape. Available discharge and water quality monitoring data were used as reference data for model calibration. The effectiveness of reduced tillage, grassed waterways, sedimentation ponds established in the forested areas and buffers on water retention and nutrient loads was evaluated. Our simulation results indicate that conservation tillage, which maintains stubble on the soil surface during winter, has the strongest impact on reducing soil and nutrient losses towards surface water bodies. Grassed waterways, established in existing erosion prone gullies, could also significantly contribute to water and nutrient retention within the landscape. The implemented NSWRMs did not appear to increase the soil moisture content in early spring even under future climate conditions, which is an important aspect for ensuring soil trafficability and the timing of sowing spring cereals
Sammendrag
Fresh water quality problems in Norway are largely caused by high phosphorus (P) inputs from the catchments. The need for measures in the agricultural landscape, such as constructed wetlands (CWs), are needed and the importance of the measures will most probably increase due to the consequences of climate changes. In agricultural areas in South-Eastern Norway, several hundred small vertical flow CWs were established in the streams during the last two decades, to reduce downstream losses of sediments (SS) and nutrients. The focus of the CWs has been on reducing losses of P and SS, due to the naturally P-rich clay soils of marine origin in lowland areas. Whereas our study included 11 CWs altogether, we here present the data from the CW with the most intensive monitoring, i.e., the Skuterud CW, around 20 years after it was constructed. The catchment’s total area was 450 ha with 61% agricultural land. The CW occupies 0.05% of the catchment area. The methods included analyses of waterflow-proportional water composite samples, water grab samples, sensor monitoring (turbidity), bed sediments, and biological quality elements (invertebrates and benthic algae). Analyses of three years of composite samples showed a retention of 47 % for SS, 41 % for total phosphorus (TP), 4.2 % for total nitrogen (TN), 0.8 % for ortho-phosphate, and a negative retention for nitrate (i.e., nitrate leaching). Monitoring by turbidity sensors (correlations to SS and TP; R2 = 0,7802) during a 5 - month period showed that retention during episodes of elevated water discharges was 26 % for SS and 11 % for TP. Grab sampling gave more confusing results. It was revealed by the sensor monitoring that to assess the retention in CWs by grab sampling at the in- and outlet can be misleading, even if the sampling is done at the same time. The reason is the rapid variation in concentrations. Bed sediments have been removed from the CW several times since it was established, and in total approx. 1140 tons of SS and approx. 1090 kg of particle bound P. However, it is difficult to assess the total amount of retention, as we did not know the extent of leaching of nutrients from the bed sediments over the years. The analysis of invertebrates and benthic algae revealed that the ecological condition was better at the inlet and worse at the outlet (similar for five CWs). The reason is probably that the oxygen levels and substrate conditions are better at the inlet, where the running creek enters, whereas the outlet would have still-standing waters with lower oxygen contents and a clayey substrate. Moreover, this can be due to the method used, as the outlet area had fewer stones where the benthic algae could grow. Hence, it would be better to sample biology a bit more downstream, but that is often not practical, as the CWs often have their outlet into another stream or directly into a drainage system. In summary therefore, our recommendation is to use composite sampling and/or sensor monitoring (combined with grab sampling for correlation purposes), to assess the retention capacity of a CW. However, for cost-effective assessment of the effect of sediments and particle bound nutrients, bed sediments are recommended.