Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2018
Forfattere
Xiao Huang Shaoqiang Ni Chaoqing Yu Jim Hall Conrad Zorn Xiaomeng HuangSammendrag
Precipitation is an important source of soil water, which is critical to crop growth, and is therefore an important input when modelling crop growth. Although advances are continually being made in predicting and recording precipitation, input uncertainty of precipitation data is likely to influence the robustness of parameter estimate and thus the predictive accuracy in soil water and crop modelling. In this study, we use the Bayesian total error analysis (BATEA) method for the water-oriented crop model AquaCrop to identify the input uncertainty from multiple precipitation products respectively, including gauge-corrected grid dataset CPC, remote sensing based TRMM and reanalysis based ERA-Interim. This methodology uses latent variables to correct the input data errors. Adopting a single-multiplier method for precipitation correction, we simulate maize growth in both field and regional levels in China for a range of different possible climatic scenarios. Meanwhile, we use the average of multiple products for model driving in comparison. The results show that the BATEA method can consistently reduce uncertainty for crop growth prediction among different precipitation products. In regional simulation, the improvements for the three products are 1%, 7.3% and 2.8% on average in drought scenarios. These results imply the BATEA approach can be of great assistance for crop modeling studies and agricultural assessments under future changing climates.
Forfattere
Daine Hernández-Ochandia Mayra G. Rodríguez Hernández Ricardo HolgadoSammendrag
El frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) constituye un valioso alimento para la población de Latinoamérica; entre las numerosas plagas que lo afectan en la región están los nematodos parásitos de plantas (NPP) o fitonematodos. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron analizar y resumir la información disponible acerca de las relaciones nematodos parásitos de plantas (NPP) - P. vulgaris en América Latina, profundizando en los avances, problemas y perspectivas del tema en Cuba, como un aporte a la preparación del personal vinculado a la producción y al manejo de nematodos en los frijoles que se producen para ser consumidos como grano seco. Se analizó la información contenida en las bases de datos SciELO, Sciencedirect y otros repositorios, donde se constató que en la región parasitan el frijol Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood, Meloidogyne decalineata Whitehead, Meloidogyne ethiopica Whitehead (syn. jun. Meloidogyne brasiliensis), Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid y White) Chitwood, Meloidogyne inornata Lordello, Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood, Meloidogyne luci Carneiro et al., Meloidogyne phaseoli Charchar et al. y Meloidogyne spp., Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie, Nacobbus aberrans (Thorne) Thorne y Allen y Pratylenchus spp. En los estudios recibieron la mayor atención los aspectos relacionados con la evaluación de cultivares y otras tácticas como la preparación del suelo, el intercalamiento y el uso de agentes biológicos. La información analizada indicó que más de 45 genotipos de frijol mostraron algún nivel de resistencia a Meloidogyne spp. (nematodos agalleros), sobresaliendo el cultivar Aporé en estudios en Brasil y Triunfo-70 en Cuba, lo que revela la existencia de materiales promisorios para programas de mejoramiento del frijol que se ejecutan en esos países. La importancia estratégica de este cultivo para Cuba, considerado como prioritario para la seguridad alimentaria, impone la necesidad de profundizar en los estudios de la interacción NPP-P. vulgaris, como elemento básico para el adecuado manejo del cultivo.
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Forfattere
Aksel GranhusSammendrag
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Aksel GranhusSammendrag
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The ericaceous shrub bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) is a keystone species of the Eurasian boreal forest. The most optimal light condition for this plant is partial shading. Shade from the forest canopy depends on the stand density, a forest attribute that can be manipulated by forest managers. Most previous studies of the relationship between bilberry abundance and forest density have not explored the potentially modifying impacts of factors like stand age, tree species composition, and the solar irradiation at the site, as determined by location and topography. Using data from the Norwegian National Forest Inventory, we developed a generalized linear model applicable to estimate local bilberry cover across a wide range of environmental conditions in Norway. The explanatory terms in the final model were stand density (basal area per ha), solar irradiation, stand age, percentages of deciduous, pine, and spruce trees, summer (June-August) mean temperature and precipitation sum, mean temperature in January, site index, and soil category, in addition to the two-way interactions between stand density and the following: solar irradiation, stand age, percentage of deciduous trees, and percentage of Norway spruce (Picea abies). The final model explained ca. 21% of the total variation in bilberry cover. We conclude that a stand density of c. 30 m2 ha−1 in general will create favourable conditions for bilberry. If the forest is younger than 80 years old, or dominated by Norway spruce or deciduous trees, the optimal stand density is reduced to around 20 m2 ha−1. In a forest dominated by Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), basal areas up to 40 m2 ha−1 would be beneficial to bilberry abundance. Our results demonstrate the importance of considering interactions between stand density and other stand and site characteristics.
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