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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2005

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Sammendrag

Integrert plantevern går ut på å kombinere flere ulike bekjempelsestiltak for å redusere bruken av kjemiske plantevernmidler. For å kunne utføre integrert bekjempelse, må man vite hvordan skadegjørerne ser ut, hvordan de lever og hvilke tiltak som er aktuelle. I boka finnes nærmere beskrivelse av vanlige ugras i veksthus, skadedyr og sjukdommer på blomstrende potteplanter, dekorasjonsplanter, utplantingsplanter og snittblomster. Nytteorganismer som brukes i biologisk bekjempelse i veksthus blir også beskrevet. I boka er det tatt med retningslinjer for integrert plantevern i snittroser, julestjerne og utplantingsplanter

Sammendrag

During the last meeting on the proposal for a new council directive on control of potato cyst nematodes (PCN) in Brussels on June 2-3, 2004, it became evident that the tests to assess resistance and partial resistance in potato to PCN and interpretation of test results differ widely in the different countries and earlier recommendations (EPPO recommendation 92/3784) were not commonly adopted in the EU. Therefore the EU commission suggested that an expert working group should review the definition of resistance of potato to PCN and outline the procedures for an appropriate test to assess resistance of potato to PCN.

Sammendrag

In order to infect target insects after application to soil or plant surfaces, Metarhizium anisopliae conidia must remain viable in the face of abiotic and biotic factors. As a part of an inveestigation to develop M. anisopliae as an agent against the black wine weevil, we investigated the fungus ability to compete with conidia of fungi commonly isolated from soil and aboveground surfaces of strawberry in Norway. In previous work, we determined the speed of germination of the isolates at various temperatures, and investigated the effects of inoculating various nutrient substances with conidia of the insect pathogens, before or together with conidia of Cladosporium sp., Trichoderma spp., Verticillium sp., Botrytis cinerea, and Gliocladium sp. Results showed that the insect pathogens, germinated as quickly as the other fungi only at temperatures >=25C. Although germination spees of the insect pathogens varied between isolates, none germinated nor grew as quickly at 15 or 20C as did the other fungi. When coinoculated with conidia of the environmental isolates on a range of agar media at 20C, growth of the insect pathogens was strongly inhibited. In contrast, when the insect pathogens were inoculated at a distance from the other fungi, their colonies inhibited mycelical growth of all the other fungi; M. anisopliae isolates produced clear antibiosis zones against Cladosporium sp. and B. cinerea. On nutrient-poor media, or when substrate nutrients were depleted, colonies of the insect pathogens were eventually overgrown by Gliocladium sp. and Trichoderma spp.In an experiment where weevil larvae were exposed to conidia of M. anisopliae and T. atroviride either separately or combined, and incubated in sterile soil at 22C, the Metarhizium appeared to be unhibited in killing the larvae and sporulating. Follow-up experiments are plannes to look at this interaction at different temperatures and when applying the fungi to the soil.

Sammendrag

Timed catches of Cydia pomonella (L.) males in sex pheromone traps were used to investigate the influence of twilight and climatic parameters on the flight activity of the moths at different latitudes. Traps were operated from 15 May until 31 July at several locations between 59ºN and 60ºN in south-eastern Norway, and at Sogndal (61ºN) in western Norway, during 1997-2000. Time and duration of twilights were calculated from May-August for each trap-location, and compared with the activity of C. pomonella. Flight response appeared to be determined by the daily photoperiod, corresponding to time of sunset at the different latitudes involved in the study. This response began about two hours before sunset, and declined around 23:00 and 24:00 hours in the evening, in western and eastern Norway, respectively. Main flight activity in both eastern and western Norway was recorded when temperatures were in the range 10-20 ºC, the relative humidity was above 50 %, and at wind speeds below three m/s at the time of capture. In Norway, light conditions are suitable for C. pomonella flight activity all night long during the entire lifetime of the adult moths. It is concluded that temperature is the limiting factor for flight at high latitudes.

Sammendrag

I 1999-2000 ble pupper av stor og lita kålflue samlet om høsten fra ni lokaliteter i Norge (58-70 ºN). Etter vinterlagring studerte vi klekking i klimarom ved 18 ºC. For lita kålflue var klekketida (50 prosent klekking) 11-12 dager og klekkeperioden (tid mellom 10 og 90 prosent klekking)  2-4 dager. Disse resultatene indikerte bare tidligklekkende og ensartede lokale populasjoner av denne arten. Stor kålflue derimot, hadde svært avvikende biotyper, med tidlige, intermediære og seintklekkende populasjoner. Klekketida varierte mellom fem og ti uker og klekkeperioden mellom to go sju uker. Eventuelle døgngradsmodeller for varsling av stor kålflue må derfor ta utgangspunkt i lokale klekkemønster for denne arten.

Sammendrag

Furuvednematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) er en karanteneskadegjører som kan angripe og forårsake enorme ødeleggelser i furuskog. Nematoden er til nå ikke påvist i Norge.