Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2022
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Defense priming, the sensitization of inducible defenses, has been extensively studied in annual angiosperms. However, we are just beginning to explore defense priming in woody, long-lived plants. The natural compound methyl jasmonate (MeJA) has been used for over 20 years to study spruce inducible defenses. Recently, it was discovered that MeJA not only directly induces defense, but also primes defense responses in spruce. Metabolite and transcriptional analyses of mature trees treated with MeJA and subsequently wounded showed that while terpenes accumulate at the wound site in a primed manner, terpene biosynthesis genes are directly induced by MeJA. Pathogen resistance (PR) genes, on the other hand, are primed. Sequencing of miRNAs suggests that miRNAs have a regulatory role in MeJA-induced defenses in spruce. Additionally, a detailed transcriptional time course of 2- year-old spruce treated with MeJA indicated that the RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway is involved in the establishment and maintenance of primed defenses. When comparing mechanisms of defense priming in spruce to those in Arabidopsis, it seems that many mechanisms are conserved. However, some aspects, such as jasmonic acid-salicylic acid crosstalk, may be different. Identifying these differences and how they affect forest species is important for practical application of defense priming in forest management.
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Strawberry powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera aphanis, can be particularly destructive in glasshouse and plastic tunnel production systems, which generally are constructed of materials that block ultraviolet (UV) solar radiation (about 280 to 400 nm). We compared epidemic progress in replicated plots in open fields and under tunnels constructed of polyethylene, which blocks nearly all solar UV-B, and two formulations of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), one of which contained a UV blocker and another that transmitted nearly 90% of solar UV-B. Disease severity under all plastics was higher than in open-field plots, indicating a generally more favorable environment in containment structures. However, the foliar severity of powdery mildew within the tunnels was inversely related to their UV transmissibility. Among the tunnels tested, incidence of fruit infection was highest under polyethylene and lowest under UV-transmitting ETFE. These effects probably transcend crop, and the blocking of solar UV transmission by glass and certain plastics probably contributes to the widely observed favorability of greenhouse and high-tunnel growing systems for powdery mildew.
Forfattere
Elisa Senger Sonia Osorio Klaus Olbricht Paul Shaw Béatrice Denoyes Jahn Davik Stefano Predieri Saila Karhu Sebastian Raubach Nico Lippi Monika Höfer Helen Cockerton Christophe Pradal Ebru Kafkas Suzanne Litthauer Iraida Amaya Björn Usadel Bruno MezzettiSammendrag
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