Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
1999
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Potential response of forest soils to sulphur deposition in the Norwegian-Russian border area in the surroundings of the Pechenganikel smelters, the major sulphur emitters in the northern Europe, has been assessed with the PROFILE model. The release rate of base cations due to weathering range from 0.05 to 0.28 kmol(c)/ha/yr in the 0 - 50 cm soil layer, thus demonstrating the high sensitivity of the coarse and thin podzols studied. Calculated steady-state BC/Al values are significantly lower than the presumed critical value of 1, which indicate possible negative effect on vegetation through soil acidification. According to the model calculations future sulphur deposition have to be very low in order to stop the ongoing acidification and prevent vegetation damage. However, model assumptions, uncertainty in input data and critical chemical values applied implies that modelling results must be interpreted carefully
Sammendrag
Contamination of atmosphere and soils was found to be accompanied by the active participation of S, Ni, Cu and Fe in the biological cycle in the area adjacent to \"Petchenganickel\" group of smelting works. The content of Ni, Cu and S in pine needles near the works is as high as 0,7-1; 0,4-0,5 and 40-60 mmol/kg respectively, these values for metals being by an order of magnitude higher than those in unpolluted areas. With increase in the age of trees the content of N, P, K, Mg and S in pine needles decreases and the content of Ca, Al, Fe and Mn increases; accumulation of Ni and Cu in pine needles is usually observed near the smelting works.
Sammendrag
The objective structure of parameters of soil acidity and cation exchange properties of podzols affected by the emission of the Pechenganikel factory (the Kola Peninsula) is revealed. The multiparametric analysis of soil properties and the traditional correlation analysis complement one another. They point to the complex character of interrelations between soil properties in conditions of progressing human-induced acisification.
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Within the framework of the Programme for Terrestrial Monitoring (TOV), soil water has been collected from four monitoring plots in 1998 (Fig. 1). Three of the plots are located in birch forest, and one (Solhomfjell) is located in spruce forest. Height above sea level, annual precipitation and growing season temperature show significant variation between plots. Bilberry or bilberry-crowberry are the main vegetation types.Results from 1998 are reported and compared with results from preceeding years. On all plots soil water has been sampled from three soil depths (except Gutulia); the organic layer, the upper and the lower part of the mineral soil (5, 15 and 40 cm soil depth, respectively).The chemical composition of the soil water depends largely on the chemistry of the soil and the amount and quality of the precipitation. The soil chemistry in humic layer and from 5-15 cm depth in the mineral soil is shown in Table 1 and 2, respectively. The concentrations of some of the main elements in soil water from 1998 are shown in Table 3.The pH in soil water increases usually with soil depth. The annual variations in pH from 1991 to 1998, are shown in Figure 2. In Lund there has been a slight decrease in pH in these years, although continous measurements are lacking at 5 cm. Figure 2 also show the same tendencies for Ca2 as for pH in Lund.There is greater annual variation in concentrations of Ca2 and other element in the humic layer than mineral layers. Also other nutrients, such as Mg2 and K, were found with the highest concentrations in the organic soil layer and decreased with increasing soil depth.The concentrations of SO42- were in 1998 below 1 mg/l and only with a few exceptions larger than 1 from 1991 to 1998 (Fig.3). SO42- generally show a decreasing trend in that period. Total Al were lower than 1.0 mg/l for most of the samples. The amount of inorganic Al, which is known to be toxic for plant roots at certain concentrations was first time measuered on the plots in 1998. However, the values were small, well below 1.0 mg/l.That were simular to results from The Forest Monitoring Programme in Norway (OPS) which shows that the concentration of inorganic Al varies between plots and soil depths. Here, however, at some plots there were concentrations of inorganic Al up to 2.0-3.4 mg/l. Results from experiments with Norway spruce seedlings (Picea abies) in nutrient solution show slight decline of the roots at concentrations of unorganic Al at 2.0 mg/l (Eldhuset pers. comm.). This may suggest that even if the concentration of unorganic Al at the TOV-plots were below 1.0 mg/l, there could be periods with higher concentrations that could have effected the plant roots.The concentration of Cl- varied greatly between the plots (Fig. 3), due to the deposition of sea salts. The plot in Gutulia had minimal variation between years and Cl- concentrations were always below 1.0 mg/l. In contrast, the plot in Lund had both the highest concentrations of Cl- and the highest seasonal and annual variation. The between layer differences were usually small each year.Analyses of precipitation show that Lund has the highest supply of acidity, Mg2, SO42-, Na and Cl- of all plots (Trseth og Man 1997). Even if the supply of N also is highest in Lund, soil water from all plots has shown low amounts of N (mostly at detection levels for NH4 and NO3, Table 3) throughout the monitoring period. This may be explained by the low content of plant available nitrogen in Norwegian soils, and plant uptake would minimize any leaching.At present these results give no indication of forest decline in Lund despite decreasing pH and concentration of Ca2 in the soil water. At present it is not possible to confirm that the changes observed in pH and Ca2 are caused by long range air pollution. They may also be due to natural variations in the chemical composition of soil water. It is recommended to continue the soil water monitoring.
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Studies were undertaken in forest ecosystems of the northwestern Kola Peninsula, Russia and South-Varanger, Norway in the zone affected by the Pechenganikel smelter. The soils consist mainly of shallow sandy iron-humus-illuvial and iron-illuvial podzols on highly bouldery unsorted morainic deposits of course texture, fluvioglacial sands and bedrocks.Plant specimens were collected from 16 plots located at different distances from the source of emissions: Pinus sylvestris needles, bark and wood, dwarf shrub (Empetrum hermaphroditum, Vaccinium myrtillus and Vaccinium vitis-idaea ) leaves, wavy-hair grass (Deschampsia flexuosa), green mosses (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) and lichens (Cladina rangifirina [Cladonia rangiferina], and Cladina stellaris [Physcia stellaris]) were collected at the end of the growing season.Results showed that the elemental composition of the dominants of the tree, grass-shrub, and moss layers was affected by the sulfur and heavy metals from the source of pollution. The content of nickel and copper in pine needles near the smelter exceeded control levels by an order of magnitude and the content of sulfur exceeded it twofold, reaching toxic levels.In addition to the direct input of pollutants from the atmosphere, soil contamination by nickel and copper within a 30 km radius of the smelter will have adverse effects on mineral nutrition of plants.It is concluded that the disturbance of biological cycles because of the active involvement of pollutants and the decreased availability of nutrients results in retardation of plant growth, a reduction in forest biomass and alterations in plant succession and species composition that leads to simplification and death of forest ecosystems.
Forfattere
Dan AamlidSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Galina N. Koptsik Sergey V. Koptsik Kåre Olav Venn Dan Aamlid Lars Strand M.A. ZhuravlevaSammendrag
The complex character of variations in acidity and cation exchange properties of forest podzols under the impact of atmospheric emissions from Pechenganikel plant in the Kola Peninsula was revealed using correlation and regression analyses. The high level of acidity and the depletion of upper horizons in exchangeable bases attest for the anthropogenic acidification of podzols in the affected zone of the plant.