Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2023
Forfattere
Budiman Minasny Diana Vigah Adetsu Matt Aitkenhead Rebekka R. E. Artz Nikki Baggaley Alexandra Barthelmes Amélie Beucher Jean Caron Giulia Conchedda John Connolly Raphaël Deragon Chris Evans Kjetil Fadnes Dian Fiantis Zisis Gagkas Louis Gilet Alessandro Gimona Stephan Glatzel Mogens H. Greve Wahaj Habib Kristell Hergoualc’h Cecilie Hermansen Darren B. Kidd Triven Koganti Dianna Kopansky David J. Large Tuula Larmola Allan Lilly Haojie Liu Matthew Marcus Maarit Middleton Keith Morrison Rasmus Jes Petersen Tristan Quaife Line Rochefort NN Rudiyanto Linda Toca Francesco N. Tubiello Peter Lystbæk Weber Simon Weldon Wirastuti Widyatmanti Jenny Williamson Dominik ZakSammendrag
Peatlands cover only 3–4% of the Earth’s surface, but they store nearly 30% of global soil carbon stock. This significant carbon store is under threat as peatlands continue to be degraded at alarming rates around the world. It has prompted countries worldwide to establish regulations to conserve and reduce emissions from this carbon rich ecosystem. For example, the EU has implemented new rules that mandate sustainable management of peatlands, critical to reaching the goal of carbon neutrality by 2050. However, a lack of information on the extent and condition of peatlands has hindered the development of national policies and restoration efforts. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge on mapping and monitoring peatlands from field sites to the globe and identifies areas where further research is needed. It presents an overview of the different methodologies used to map peatlands in nine countries, which vary in definition of peat soil and peatland, mapping coverage, and mapping detail. Whereas mapping peatlands across the world with only one approach is hardly possible, the paper highlights the need for more consistent approaches within regions having comparable peatland types and climates to inform their protection and urgent restoration. The review further summarises various approaches used for monitoring peatland conditions and functions. These include monitoring at the plot scale for degree of humification and stoichiometric ratio, and proximal sensing such as gamma radiometrics and electromagnetic induction at the field to landscape scale for mapping peat thickness and identifying hotspots for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Remote sensing techniques with passive and active sensors at regional to national scale can help in monitoring subsidence rate, water table, peat moisture, landslides, and GHG emissions. Although the use of water table depth as a proxy for interannual GHG emissions from peatlands has been well established, there is no single remote sensing method or data product yet that has been verified beyond local or regional scales. Broader land-use change and fire monitoring at a global scale may further assist national GHG inventory reporting. Monitoring of peatland conditions to evaluate the success of individual restoration schemes still requires field work to assess local proxies combined with remote sensing and modeling. Long-term monitoring is necessary to draw valid conclusions on revegetation outcomes and associated GHG emissions in rewetted peatlands, as their dynamics are not fully understood at the site level. Monitoring vegetation development and hydrology of restored peatlands is needed as a proxy to assess the return of water and changes in nutrient cycling and biodiversity.
Forfattere
Wendy FjellstadSammendrag
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Forfattere
Sebastian EiterSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Sebastian EiterSammendrag
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Forfattere
Sebastian EiterSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Et regneeksempel for Oslo viser at privat, småskala og ikke-kommersiell dyrking i byer kan øke norsk selvforsyning med poteter, tomater, løk og gulrøtter.
Forfattere
Yngve RekdalSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Landscape ecology is repeatedly described as an applied science that can help reduce the negative effects of land-use and land-use changes on biodiversity. However, the extent to which landscape ecology is in fact contributing to planning and design processes is questioned. The aim of this paper is to investigate if and how landscape ecology can be integrated in a planning and design process, and to uncover possible problems that, e.g., landscape architects and planners, may face in such processes. Our conclusion, based on a case study from Asker municipality, Norway, is that such a landscape ecological approach has a lot to offer. However, it is difficult to exploit the potential fully for different reasons, e.g., biodiversity information tends to be specialized, and not easily used by planners and designers, and landscape ecological principles need an adaptation process to be applicable in a real-world situation. We conclude that for the situation to improve, landscape ecologists need to ease this process. In addition, we recommend collaboration across disciplinary boundaries, preferably with a common design concept as a foundation.
Forfattere
Wenche DramstadSammendrag
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