Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Sammendrag
28 oksekalver av rasen Hereford inngikk i et forsøk med intensiv oppfôring for slakting i en alder av ca 12 måneder i to forsøksledd. Det ble ikke funnet noen forskjeller i produksjonsresultater på kalvene i de to gruppene, men det ble funnet et merforbruk av kraftfôr for den ene gruppen. Det ble konkludert med at intensiv oppfôring av Hereford kalver til slakting når de er ca 1 år gamle er mulig.
Forfattere
Vibeke LindSammendrag
The general aim of this thesis was to gain more knowledge on how the sensory profile and fatty acid composition of meat from lambs were affected when lambs were finished on concentrate and roughage or different types of pastures. The different types of pastures were mountain pastures, cultivated pastures, ryegrass pastures and semi-natural pastures. The effect of gender on meat quality was examined as well. To evaluate the effects of these factors, three studies were performed.In the first study (Paper I) the sensory profile and fatty acid composition in meat from lambs slaughtered directly from unimproved mountain pastures was compared with meat from lambs raised on unimproved mountain pastures and fattened on biodiverse cultivated pastures for 26, 39 and 42 days, respectively, before slaughter. This experiment was conducted at two different locations in Norway in 2006 and 2007, with a total of 124 Norwegian White Sheep (NWS) lambs. Loin samples of M. Longissimus dorsi from lambs above a live body weight of 40 kg were selected and analysed for sensory attributes, and fatty acid composition was determined in the subcutaneous fat over the Longissimus dorsi. Significant differences were found in the sensory attributes of hardness, tenderness, fattiness, metallic and rancid flavour, and in the polyunsaturated fatty acid content between the two treatments.The effects of the different production systems on sensory attributes and fatty acid composition were examined in the second study (Paper II). 150 NWS lambs grazed on the same semi-natural lowland pasture with their dams for three months or more. The effect of pre-slaughter fattening on meat quality was compared using a control group of lambs slaughtered directly from the pasture. Four pre-slaughter treatments were established: weaning and indoor-feeding on concentrate and grass silage for either 44 or 24 days before slaughtering (Conc44, Conc24), and grazing on ryegrass pasture for the same periods (Rye44, Rye24). Loin samples of M. Longissimus dorsi including the subcutaneous fat over the muscle from 15 carcasses from each treatment were analysed for sensory attributes and fatty acid composition. A lower intensity of acid taste was observed in meat from lambs in treatment Conc44 compared with meat from lambs in the control treatment. A higher content of the fatty acids C16:0, C18:1n-9 and C18:2n-6 and the n-6/n-3 ratios was related to meat from lambs fed concentrate, while a higher content of the fatty acids C18:0, C18:1t-11 and C18:3n-3 was found in meat from grazing lambs. In the third study (Paper III), the effect of gender and feeding on the fatty acid composition and sensory profile of meat from NWS lambs was investigated. Lambs from the 2006 treatment in Northern Norway in Study I were used in the first experiment including 22 female and 22 male lambs. In addition, all lambs from Study II, including 46 female and 29 male lambs, were used in the second experiment. Loin samples of M. Longissimus dorsi were analyzed for sensory profile and fatty acid composition. All lambs were slaughtered in September. There were no significant differences in sensory profile between lambs in experiment 1, while in experiment 2, meat from male lambs had higher scores for cloying and rancid flavour and lower scores for sour and sweet taste compared to meat from female lambs. The main conclusions from the present study are that finishing lambs on cultivated pastures can alter the sensory profile and fatty acid composition acquired on mountain pastures to a small degree. Finishing lambs indoors on concentrate and roughage can also alter the fatty acid composition in the meat compared to meat from lambs that graze on semi-natural pastures during the summer. The differences in sensory profile between genders in favour of the meat from female lambs indicate that females may be prioritised over males and off-season fresh meat should preferably be produced from female lambs. Furthermore, male lambs should be given the optimum conditions to be prepared for slaughter early in the season thereby reducing the risk of quality problems. Meat from lambs that is not ready for slaughter when gathered from natural and semi-natural pastures in the autumn should be marketed separately.
Forfattere
Liv Guri Velle Samson ØpstadSammendrag
Etter 1950 har det skjedd store endringar i landbruket, og mange tradisjonelle og ekstensive driftsformer har fått mindre omfang eller gått ut av bruk. Når beitebruken i område med kystlynghei fell bort, opphøyrer også sviing og andre skjøtselstiltak. I Noreg har ein klart å ta vare på ein gammal husdyrrase, norrøn stuttrompa sau (Ovis aries), i dei ytre kyststroka. Sauen er nøysam og godt tilpassa heilårsbeiting. Han er korthala, lettbygd og høgføtt, og finst i fleire fargevariantar. Denne sauen dominerte sauehaldet i Noreg til siste halvdel på 1800-talet.
Sammendrag
As part of a project on cultivation and industrial exploitation of European Blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus ) started in 2008, berries from different wild populations from South, Mid and North Norway were investigated. One aspect of fruit quality analyses was to identify and describe blueberry aroma profiles. Volatiles were extracted by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analysed by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS) (Rohloff, 2004). More than 100 compounds could be identified based on MS database search and retention indices, also comprising aroma impact compounds not being described in blueberries earlier (Sydow & Anjou, 1969). Detected aliphatic and aromatic structures belonged to chemical groups such as alkanes, acids, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones and mono- and sesquiterpenes. Ten major compounds (mostly C4-, C6- and C9-structures) accounted for averagely 65-75 % relative amount of all detected peaks. However, HS-SPME analyses revealed complex volatile profiles including terpenes (>20 compounds, e.g. p-cymene, 1,8-cineole, linalool) and aromatic structures (>10 compounds, e.g. benzaldehyde, ethyl benzoate, 2-phenylethyl acetate, benzyl benzoate), which contribute to the characteristic and flavourful blueberry aroma.
Sammendrag
Organic husbandry aims to be based on 100 % organic feed. Currently there is a lack of protein feed for production of concentrates. Protein from oilseed crops is thought to complement the protein quality of peas (Pisum sativum L.). The experiences with oilseed crops in organic production are limited. With the ongoing project "Organic protein feed and edible oil from oilseed crops" the main aim is to obtain more knowledge of cultivation practices and the quality of the feed obtained from the crops. Spring turnip rape (Brassica rapa L. var. oleifera) and Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) are both successfully cultivated with different levels of supplied nitrogen and sulphur. Camelina seems to be an interesting new crop for organic production. It seems difficult to obtain good establishment and overwintering of winter rape (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) and winter turnip rape. The nutrient value of organic spring turnip rape and winter turnip rape seems to be equivalent to conventional protein crops.
Sammendrag
The aim of organic farming husbandry is to be entirely based on an organically produced diet. Pea is the most commonly cultivated protein rich crop in organic agriculture in Norway. However other high protein crops with complementary properties are needed to meet the nutritional demands in feeds for ruminants, pigs and poultry. An ongoing study in Bioforsk aims to develop cultivation practices on nutrient supply for organic oilseed crops and to establish knowledge on the feed quality of organically grown oilseed crops used as protein feed. It appears that spring turnip rape (Brassica rapa L. var. oleifera) and Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) can both be successfully cultivated with different levels of supplied nitrogen and sulphur. The nutrient value of organic spring turnip rape seems to be equivalent to conventional protein crops. Camelina can be an alternative in organic production, due to fewer problems with harmful pests compared with the traditional oilseed crops rape and turnip rape. Oilseed cake of turnip rape has higher protein and mineral content than the seed, and can be an interesting addition in feed ration for both ruminants and poultry, especially in combination with field pea.
Sammendrag
The effect of climate on production and the quality of bilberries have been studied in a controlled experiment using clonal material. In the experiment individual plants from two northern clones and two southern clones of bilberry have been grown on 12◦ and 18◦ C. At each temperature 3 different light treatments have been tested; 1) 24 hour (h) natural light (long day); 2) 24 h natural light with addition of red light and 3) 12 h light (short day). All plants were kept outside during flowering to ensure pollination by insects. Berries were sampled when ripe, weighed and stored at -80◦C for later analysis of pH, sugars, acids, total phenols, total anthocyanins and total antioxidant activity.
Forfattere
Laura Jaakola Mika Paassilta Marko Suokas Inger Martinussen Kristiina Antonius Lena Ansebo Magnus Göransson Alfia Khairullina Asdis Helga Bjarnadottir Ulfur Oskarsson Anja Hohtola Anna Maria Pirttilä Simo Moisio Olavi Junttila Andreas Åkerström Anders Jäderlund Ulla Bång Hely HäggmanSammendrag
Wild berries are a charcteristic part of the Northern nature and a potential speciality of Nordic countries. Wild berries are also a valuable resource that has not yet been exploited in a satisfactory level. Approximately 90-95 per cent of the wild berry crop yield is left unpicked in the Nordic forests every year. The challenges of the wild berry utilization are similar in the Nordic countries - the logistics of berry picking including traceability, fragmented sector structure as well as the high share of unprocessed raw material in export. The Nordic project focusing on biberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) "Bilberry: Towards functional food markets" (2007-2009) is part of the New Nordic Food programme funded by the Nordic Innovation Centre. The aim of the project was to promote Nordic cooperation between representatives from universities, research institutes and industry in order to improve wild berry production and utilisation on the Nordic and global market. To achieve this goal a network between the Nordic experts of the different fields of the wild berry sector has been established. The project has focused on marketing research, quality issues, biodiversity and traceability of wild berries, especially bilberry. The results of the marketing survey were first published in the Nordic Wild Berry seminar in November 2008. The aim of the survey was to generate an overall picture of the companies working with wild berries in Nordic countries and gather information on the existence and willingness of the berry companies to cooperate for instance in wild berry supply, logistics, marketing or research and development. According to the results, a general agreement for the need of increased cooperation at the Nordic level was highlighted.
Sammendrag
35 ammekyr av rasen Hereford inngikk i et forsøk hvor man ønsket å studere betydningen av fôringsstrategi i innefôringsperioden på fôrforbruk, fruktbarhet og kalvehelse. Kyrne ble gruppert etter hold ved innsett. Gruppa med høyest hold ble fôret for nedgang med inntil 1,8 holdpoeng i innefôringsperioden, mens gruppa med middels hold ble fôret for nedgang med inntil 1,3 holdpoeng fram til beiteslipp.Fôringsforsøket viste at strategien med å redusere fôrtilgangen for å spare vinterfôr og utnytte kyrnes energireserver til et visst nivå, kan gi tilfredsstillende produksjonsresultater hos både ku og kalv. Av dyrevelferdsmessige årsaker bør en stor del av grovfôrrasjonen bestå av lavenergifôr slik at kyrne får tilfredstilt sitt behov for vomaktivitet og tidsfordriv gjennom hele døgnet.
Forfattere
Ievina SturiteSammendrag
In Norway, the goal of 15% organic food production within 2015 is too ambitious if the current growth rate of organic farmland is continued. Hence, a study of bottlenecks within organic farming systems in Northern Norway, and farmer"s preconditions to convert was conducted in spring 2007. A questionnaire was sent to certified and former certified organic farmers, and a control group of conventional farmers. For organic farmers the most important bottlenecks were public regulations and organic price premiums. Conventional farmers feared yield decrease, restricted forage availability and extra work. In 2008, interviews with selected farmers and officials in local municipalities were conducted to explore the reasons for large differences between certified organic farmland.