Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2011
Forfattere
Nicolae Scarlat Jean-Francois Dallemand Odd Jarle Skjelhaugen Dan Asplund Lars NesheimSammendrag
This paper provides an overview of the Norwegian biomass resources for bioenergy use, bioenergy market and frame conditions through a comparison with Denmark, Finland and Sweden, which have a leading role in bioenergy production in the European Union. Although the contribution of renewable energy in Norway is among the highest in Europe (58%), mainly due to hydroelectricity, bioenergy has a low contribution to Norwegian energy supply (6%). As the experience from the other EU Member States showed, long-term, stable policies and relatively strong incentives are needed to initiate and build up a bioenergy market. In Norway, there is still a significant available potential for increasing the bioenergy contribution to the energy supply. The abundance and relatively low prices of energy (i.e. fossil fuels, electricity), in connection with the need of high investment costs, did not favour so far bioenergy production. Additional forest biomass may be mobilised in Norwayby more intensive management of currently exploited forests. However, there are several limitations related to topography, accessibility and economics. The biomass resources and the full range of technologies available for heat or electricity generation both at small and large scale that can provide good opportunities for increased bioenergy production. The experience gained in Denmark, Finlandand Sweden may be relevant for Norway, as well as for other EU Member States, where there is a deficit of mobilization of biomass resources and insufficient industrial integration of bioenergy with other forest-based sectors.
Forfattere
Lars NesheimSammendrag
Timotei, engsvingel ograudkløver er dei viktigaste artane i norsk grovfôrdyrking. Eg trur at desseartane også vil vere viktige framover, men at sortane av dei stort sett er godenok. I foredlinga bør det heller leggjast vekt på artar som fleirårig raigrasog raisvingel. Og ein må få til ei betre prøving av aktuelle sortar.
Forfattere
Jørgen Lassen Karl Eckner Lars Hem Lars Nesheim Espen Rimstad Lucy RobertssonSammendrag
I forbindelse med gjennomgang av "Forskrift om gjødselvarer mv. av organiskopphav" har Mattilsynet(MT) sett behov for å vurdere dagens hygieneparagraf. Forskriftenstiller i dag krav til at produkter og bruken av dem, "inkludert sannsynlig misbruk",ikke skal medføre fare for overføring av sykdomssmitte til mennesker, dyr og planter.Det er pr i dag krav til at produktene ikke skal inneholde salmonellabakteriereller infektive parasittegg og at innholdet av termotolerante koliformebakterier (TKB) skal være mindre enn 2500 CFU pr gram TS (tørrstoff). Flere harstilt spørsmål til om TKB er egnet som indikatororganisme. MT har bedt VKM om ågjøre en vurdering av hvilke indikatororganismer som egner seg for å vise atproduktene har vært gjennom en tilfredsstillende hygienisering for å unngåsykdomssmitte til planter, dyr og mennesker. MT har også bedt om en generellkommentar til dagens krav og praksis. Hovedkonklusjonene er at de viktigsteparametrene for å sikre trygge produkter i denne sammenheng er rutinemessigdokumentasjon av prosessindikatorene som influerer på mikrobenesoverlevelsesevne, herunder særlig hvilken temperatur som er oppnådd gjennom hvorlang tid (eksponeringstid), eventuelt ved hvilken pH-verdi. Mikrobielleproduktindikatorer vil bare være et supplement til dette.
Sammendrag
The consensus predictions for climate change in the north and west regions of Europe suggest a slow increase in basal temperature and an increase of weather extremes, consequently exacerbating abiotic stresses. These will undoubtedly impact on the traditional (organoleptic) and emergent (health beneficial) traits in soft fruit. In an attempt to model these changes we have used cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus L.) as a model species to study the relative contributions that environment and genetics make to the content and diversity of increasing important health beneficial components, polyphenols.
Sammendrag
Utilizing animal slurry to produce biogas may reduce fossil fuel usage and emissions of greenhouse gases. However, there is limited information on how the recycling of digested slurry as a fertilizer impacts soil fertility in the long run. This is of concern because organic matter in the slurry is converted to methane, which escapes the on-farm carbon cycle. In 2010, a study of this question was initiated on the organic research farm in Tingvoll, Norway. So far, a biogas plant has been built, producing anaerobically digested slurry to be compared with undigested slurry in perennial ley and arable crops. Effects on crop yields, soil fauna, microbial communities, soil structure, organic matter and nutrient concentrations are measured.
Forfattere
Unni AbrahamsenSammendrag
Foredrag om sjukdommer i bygg og hvete, om integrert plantevern og om aktuelle bekjempelsesstrategier i 2011.
Sammendrag
Low soil temperatures limit nutrient uptake with negative consequences for growth and foliage quality. A better understanding of the temperature sensitivity of root N uptake is required to improve the best management practices for fertilization of conifers. Uptake of 15N in saplings of Abies lasiocarpa (Hook) Nutt and Abies nordmanniana (Steven) Spach was studied at root temperatures of 3 - 15°C in hydroponics. 15N accumulation in shoots increased with temperature, showing accelerated accumulation from 7°C upward. At 3°C, uptake rates were low for both species. Between 7 and 12°C, 15N accumulation in shoots increased by a factor of 5 in A. lasiocarpa and by a factor of 3 in A. nordmanniana. The temperature response of N uptake was similar to root growth responses to temperature documented by previous studies. The results have implications for early season fertilization, where fertilization of both species should be withheld until soil temperatures reach 10 -12°C.
Forfattere
Vibeke LindSammendrag
Norwegian lamb meat production is mainly based on free grazing in mountainous pastures during the summer. Prior to slaughter in the autumn, some lambs not big enough for slaughter are finished on e.g. cultivated pastures. This study looked at the feed quality of different forages, and the effect on lamb meat quality. Lambs grazed on mountain pastures at Kvaløya in Northern Norway (69°N) and Sør-Fron in Mid Norway (58°N) in 2007, and a subgroup at each location was finished on cultivated pastures for 6 weeks prior to slaughter in September. The fiber content was significantly higher in the cultivated pasture in Mid Norway compared to the mountain pasture while no differences between pastures in Northern Norway were found. In Mid Norway the content of polyunsaturated fatty acid (18:3) was significantly higher in meat from lambs grazing the mountain pasture compared to lamb grazing the cultivated pasture. For Northern Norway, the opposite pattern was observed. The higher 18:3 content may be attributable to lower fiber content at the mountain pasture. In our study, there appears to be an effect of fiber content on the fatty acid composition in lamb meat.
Sammendrag
Norwegian lamb meat production is mainly based on free grazing in mountainous pastures during the summer. Prior to slaughter in the autumn, some lambs not big enough for slaughter are finished on e.g. cultivated pastures. This study looked at the feed quality of different forages, and the effect on lamb meat quality. Lambs grazed on mountain pastures at Kvaløya in Northern Norway (69°N) and Sør-Fron in Mid Norway (58°N) in 2007, and a subgroup at each location was finished on cultivated pastures for 6 weeks prior to slaughter in September. The fiber content was significantly higher in the cultivated pasture in Mid Norway compared to the mountain pasture while no differences between pastures in Northern Norway were found. In Mid Norway the content of polyunsaturated fatty acid (18:3) was significantly higher in meat from lambs grazing the mountain pasture compared to lamb grazing the cultivated pasture. For Northern Norway, the opposite pattern was observed. The higher 18:3 content may be attributable to lower fiber content at the mountain pasture. In our study, there appears to be an effect of fiber content on the fatty acid composition in lamb meat.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag