Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Sammendrag
Scenarios of climate changes indicate longer and more frequent spells of mild weather during winter in northern latitudes. De-hardening in perennial grasses could increase the risk of frost kill. In this study, the resistance to de-hardening of different grass species and cultivars was examined, and whether the resistance changes during winter or between years, was tested. In Experiment 1, two cultivars of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) of contrasting winter hardiness were grown under ambient winter conditions, transferred from the field in January and April 2006 to the laboratory for 9 d with controlled de-hardening conditions of 3°C, 9°C and 15°C. The timothy cultivars were tested at 3°C, 6°C and 9°C in a similar experiment (Experiment 2) in January 2007. De-hardening, measured as decrease in frost tolerance (LT50), was less in timothy than in perennial ryegrass and increased with increasing temperatures. The northern winter-hardy cultivar Engmo of timothy de-hardened more rapidly than the less-hardy cultivar Grindstad, but had higher initial frost tolerance in both experiments, whereas there was less difference between cultivars of perennial ryegrass in Experiment 1. Cultivar Grindstad of timothy lost all hardiness in early spring at all temperatures, whereas cultivar Engmo maintained some hardiness at 3°C. Cultivar Engmo de-hardened at a lower rate in 2007 than in 2006, in spite of similar frost tolerance at the start of de-hardening treatment in both years. This indicates that the rate of de-hardening was controlled by factors additional to the initial frost tolerance and that autumn weather conditions might be important for the resistance to de-hardening.
2009
Sammendrag
Undersøkelser viser at det finnes mange forskjellige fjøskonsept som funger godt for kyr med horn. Det finnes altså ikke en løsning som utpeker seg til å være best. Det som har vist seg å være viktigst er dimensjoneringen og utformingen av selve fjøset, i tillegg til et bra management og et godt forhold mellom mennesker og dyr.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Vibeke LindSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Kristin DaugstadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
C. Kaiser J.M. Christensen l. Long I. Hanrahan Mekjell Meland E. FallahiSammendrag
Rain-induced fruit cracking in sweet cherries can be a major problem. In the Pacific Northwest, due to high labor costs, when fruit cracking exceeds 25% at harvest, fruit are not picked. OSU Horticulture and Pharmacy Faculty have collaborated in producing and patenting a novel, elastic, organic biofilm, SureSeal, which significantly reduced sweet cherry fruit cracking by up to 250% in Milton Freewater, Oregon and Loftus, Norway. Formulations of SureSeal are hydrophobic and consists of a copolymer of complex carbohydrates, phospholipids and calcium. Collaborative research undertaken over three years throughout the Pacific Northwest and overseas found that two applications of 1% SureSeal applied at straw color and again ten days later, reduced fruit cracking consistently when compared to untreated control fruit. Indeed, in Norway, fruit cracking was reduced from 24.6% to 9.8% when trees were treated with SureSeal in combination with plastic ground covers and a preharvest fungicide (fenhexamid). Furthermore, all these studies throughout Oregon and Idaho, found that SureSeal resulted in significantly (P
Forfattere
Mekjell MelandSammendrag
The performance of 26 different cherry rootstocks (‘Hexaploid Colt"," Damil", ‘Tabel® Edabriz", ‘Gisela® (Gi) 3", ‘4", ‘5", ‘6", ‘7", ‘11", ‘Giessen (GI) 107/1", ‘148/13", ‘154/7" , ‘195/20", ‘318/17", ‘497/8", ‘523/02", ‘Weiroot (W) 10", ‘53", ‘158", ‘Maxma 14", ‘Maxma 60", ‘Maxma 97", ‘PHL-A", ‘PHL-B", ‘Piku®1"and ‘Piku® 3"), compared with ‘Colt" as a standard, for the cultivar ‘Lapins" (Prunus avium L), was assessed in a field trial in western Norway at 60° North. Trees, one-year-old whips, were planted in spring 1999; at 2.0 x 4.5 m spacing and trained to central leader as free spindle. Tree vigour, yield, fruit size, fruit quality and yield efficiency were evaluated for eight subsequent years. Tree sizes were significantly affected by the rootstocks after eight years growth. ‘Tabel®Edabriz", ‘Gi 3" and ‘Gi 4" produced the smallest and ‘Piku®3", ‘Colt"," Damil" and ‘Maxma 60" the largest trees as measured by trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA). The most vigourus rootstock had five times larger TCSA than the dwarfest rootstocks. ‘Piku®1" was the most productive rootstock for this cultivar with highest cumulative yield followed by ‘Colt", ‘Piku®3" and ‘Gi 523/02". Average yield per tree and per year during the first seven cropping years was 12 kg for ‘Piku®1". ‘Piku®1" and ‘Gi 5" induced early bearing. Trees on ‘Gi 5" and ‘Gi 6"were the most yield efficient. Fruit size became significantly affected by the different rootstocks. In average for the different cropping years many of the Gi number selections, ‘Colt", ‘Damil" and ‘Piku®1"all had a average fruit weight larger than 10 g per fruit. Fruit quality characterized by the content of soluble solids was in an average of 17.5 %. It was not influenced by crop load and did not differ much between trees on the various rootstocks. In conclusion, for high density production systems the most productive semi-vigorous rootstocks were ‘Colt"," Piku®3" and ‘Damil" and the semi-dwarf Piku®1", ‘Gi 5" and "Gi 6".
Forfattere
Mekjell Meland Eva BirkenSammendrag
The European plum cultivar ‘Jubileum" blossoms abundantly most years and too many flowers can be set if not properly thinned. For two seasons started in 2007 mature ‘Jubileum/St. Julien A were treated with ethephon when full bloom opened at concentration of 250, 375 and 500 ppm and at 10-12 mm fruitlets stage at concentration of 125, 250 and 375 ppm. The experimental design was completely randomised with 6 replications of single trees. The trees were sprayed to run-off with a hand sprayer when temperature was above 15 ºC. All thinning treatments reduced the fruit set significantly. The fruit set decreased with increasing ethephon concentration, and the highest rates at bloom and fruitlet overthinned. Less dosage of ethephon was required at fruitlet time in order to obtain the same fruit set. The yield did confirm the fruit set response and the yield reductions were significant. All thinning treatments gave higher percentage of fruits larger than 38 mm fruit size compared to the unthinned control. Fruit quality characterized by blue surface cover and the content of soluble solids was in general high and increased significantly by reduced fruit. Fruit firmness, however, slightly declined in the ethephon thinned trees. Other fruit quality parameter like percentage acid content did not show a clear response to the thinning. Return bloom was little improved on thinned trees the following year. The crop load per tree was reduced to about the half of the previous year control trees included. In conclusion, ethephon application at a rate of 375 ppm applied at full bloom or 250 ppm at 10 mm fruit diameter thinned ‘Jubileum" plums to a target of about 10 -15 % fruit set.