Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2018
Forfattere
Mekjell MelandSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Due to their Mendelian inheritance, microsatellites or SSRs (simple sequence repeats) can readily be used for parentage analyses of pear seedlings, thus revealing the female and male parents of the plant. However, in cases where obtained pear seeds display low viability, conducting a parentage analyses on the pear seeds themselves could be used in order to identify the male parent (successful pollinator). In this study, batches of seeds were extracted from fruits of the triploid ‘Ingeborg’ pear (‘Conference’ × ‘Bonne Louise’), the main commercial pear cultivar in Norway. Mature pears were collected from eight commercial pear orchards located in Ullensvang, at 60° North and seeds were collected. Genomic DNA was subsequently isolated from the obtained seed batches and genotyped using 12 microsatellite markers. The same markers were also used for the genetic characterization of ‘Ingeborg’ and five pear genotypes used as pollinators in the sampled orchards (‘Clara Frijs’, ‘Herzogine Elsa’, ‘Anna’, ‘Colorée de Juillet’ and ‘Belle lucrative’). The obtained SSR profiles were used in paternity analyses, as well as for gene assignment analyses. Both approaches identified pear ‘Clara Frijs’ to be the most successful pollinator in most of the sampled orchards. Subsequent S allele genotyping of ‘Ingeborg’ and five pear genotypes used as pollinators in the sampled orchards revealed that the preferential pollination by individual genotypes was not caused by gametophytic incompatibility or semi-compatibility.
Forfattere
Milica Fotiric-Aksic U Gasic T Tosti Jasminka Milivojevic Vlado Licina Z Tesic Mekjell MelandSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Milica Fotiric Aksic Radoslav Cerovic David Slavkovic Stein Harald Hjeltnes Mekjell MelandSammendrag
The Norwegian newly bred pear cultivar, Celina/QTee®, which was launched in 2010, has been released from the Norwegian breeding program that was initiated in 1983. It was derived from the combination ‘Colorée de Juillet’ × ‘Williams’. In Norway the flowering is medium to late and it ripens in the beginning of September. It has large attractive fruits with a red blush. It has a good fruit quality, storability and shelf life. Cross pollination is necessary in order to have high yields of this diploid cultivar. Pollination of ‘Celina’ with pollen of four donors (‘Conference’, ‘Kristina’, ‘Anna’ and ‘Fritjof’), together with open- and self-pollination were studied in this experiment during the 2016 season in Norway. The dynamics of the pollen tube growth (third, sixth and ninth day after anthesis) in style (upper, middle and lower third) and parts of the ovary in all crossing combination, were observed by fluorescent microscopy. Besides giving the best results regarding the average number of pollen tubes in different parts of pistils and the dynamics of pollen tube growth, ‘Conference’ was the only one of which the pollen tubes didn’t show any incompatible signs while growing through the transmitting tissue of the ‘Celina’ style. According to those preliminary results, ‘Conference’ was the best pollenizer, followed by ‘Kristina’. The study has to be repeated for another season.
Forfattere
Adnan Alihodzic Fuad Gasi Pakeza Drkenda Asima Akagic Amila Vranac Mekjell Meland Osman Music Nermina SpahoSammendrag
Introduction and background: Autochthonous fruits in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) represent great opportunities for fruit breeding, because they could be grown without costly agricultural inputs and offer valuable assets for the fruit processing industry providing a specific and different sensory taste for the fruit products. Hence, the objective of this study was to sensory evaluate fruits from 34 autochthonous apple and 29 pear cultivars in 2012 and 2013 from an ex-situ collection in B&H by eight trained panelists, using Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA). Experimental: Flavour of fruits was described by the eight sensory attributes a) flavour: odour intensity, b) sweet, c) sour, d) green, fruit, e) floral flavour, f) typically, g) after taste and h) overall conception and subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) to visualise the sensory attributes. Results: For apple, the traditional cvs. ‘Prijedorska Zelenika’, ‘Paradija’, ‘Srebrenička’, ‘Bukovija’ and ‘Ljepocvijetka’ reached the best flavour scores in both years, while in pear, cvs. ‘Takiša’, ‘Hambarka’, ‘Dolokrahan’ and ‘Kačmorka’ exhibited the best flavour in both years, followed by cvs. ‘Begarika’, ‘Jeribasma’, ‘Ahmetova’ and ‘Hambarka’ with intense floral flavour and odour. In these tastings, B & H grown apple cv. ‘Golden Delicious’ also scored highly compared with cvs ‘Idared’, ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Gala’ with a lesser characteristic apple flavour and pear cvs ‘Williams’ and ‘Sweet Harrow’ scored better than ‘Alexander Lukas’ and ‘Gellerts’ from B & H.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Rapporten viser hvordan strømmen av biomasse av husdyrgjødsel går fra bonde til biogassanlegg og hvordan næringsstoffene ivaretas fram til ferdig hygienisert biorest. Selve biogassproduksjonen er bare i liten grad berørt i rapporten, mens innholdet av næringsstoffer er vist for de ulike fraksjonene. Rapporten viser grunnlaget for beregning av spredeareal som bøndene sparer ved å levere den faste delen av separert husdyrgjødsel til biogassanlegget. En gjødseldyrenhet tilsvarer 14 kg fosfor og krever minimum 4 dekar spredeareal. Levering av ett tonn separert tørrfraksjon av svinegjødsel vil kunne frigjøre 0,83 daa spredeareal. Ett tonn kugjødsel levert til biogassanlegget frigir tilsvarende 0,49 daa spredeareal hos bonden. Utgangspunktet er at separasjon av gjødsel øker tørrstoffinnholdet til 25 % ts og 31 % ts for henholdsvis ku og svinegjødsel. Beregningene for frigjort spredeareal for gårdsbruka som leverer gjødsel til biogassanlegget bør baseres på mengde levert tørrstoff med kjent innhold av forsfor. Forutsetningen for frigjort spredeareal er at mottakeren har ledig spredeareal eller har godkjent produksjon av gjødselvarer. Det fordrer at bioresten enten blir brukt i sektorer som ikke er definert som jord- eller hagebruk, omdannes til nye produkter, eller at bioresten blir brukt utenfor det gitte reguleringsområdet.
Sammendrag
Background and aims Layered profiles of designed soils may provide long-term benefits for green roofs, provided the vegetation can exploit resources in the different layers. We aimed to quantify Sedum root foraging for water and nutrients in designed soils of different texture and layering. Methods In a controlled pot experiment we quantified the root foraging ability of the species Sedum album (L.) and S. rupestre (L.) in response to substrate structure (fine, coarse, layered or mixed), vertical fertiliser placement (top or bottom half of pot) and watering (5, 10 or 20 mm week−1 ). Results Water availability was the main driver of plant growth, followed by substrate structure, while fertiliser placement only had marginal effects on plant growth. Root foraging ability was low to moderate, as also reflected in the low proportion of biomass allocated to roots (5–13%). Increased watering reduced the proportion of root length and root biomass in deeper layers. Conclusions Both S. album and S. rupestre had a low ability to exploit water and nutrients by precise root foraging in substrates of different texture and layering. Allocation of biomass to roots was low and showed limited flexibility even under water-deficient conditions.
Sammendrag
Klepp municipality ordered a report on how to manage weed control in urban green areas without use of chemical methods. Measures need to be taken already in the planning and in the establishment phase, when soils should be free of weed plants and with as little weed seeds as possible. Cleaning for weds needs to be followed up very methodologically. A standard for how much weeds that can be tolerated before treatment should be given to each specific area. In the report, we refer to different alternative methods of weed control. Choices of methods should be according to the specified area, the standards and with concern for the users of those areas. The treatments must be safe and efficient. Weeds removed with gas burners, treated with hot water or eventually with other suitable equipment. We emphasize that success depend on good planning and education of the persons that shall realize the weed control.
Sammendrag
In regions with short growth seasons, it is of great importance to use potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) seed tubers with a high growth vigour and a short growth cycle. Such qualities may be obtained by treatments advancing the physiological age of the seed tubers. In this study, we have exposed tubers from four cultivars to various combinations of temperature and light conditions (greensprouting) for 3–7 months in controlled climate. Subsequent sprout quality, seed tuber health and performance were studied in laboratory, greenhouse and field trials. Satisfactory short, sturdy and leafy sprouts were produced even after 7 months storage at 15 °C under light exposure. An assay of black scurf (Rhizoctonia solani) on the tuber skin showed that light exposure significantly reduced the occurrence compared with dark-stored tubers, while the average effect of storage temperatures was insignificant. In general, green-sprouting advanced emergence and plant growth by 1–2 weeks, and showed early tuber initiation and growth, compared to untreated material. Yields, 107 days after planting in the field trial, did not deviate significantly from untreated tubers. However, plant development at harvest was in accordance with general responses to physiological ageing of potato seed tubers, i.e. still tall and immature plants from untreated tubers, and short and mature plants from aged tubers. Results demonstrated the possibility of successful long-term storage of potato seed tubers in light at elevated temperatures and a potential for earlier harvests and higher early yields from such treatments.