Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2026
Sammendrag
The experiment aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a Monil virtual fence collar for small ruminants on mature Norwegian White ewes at the NIBIO Tjøtta station. The study aimed to evaluate the animals' learning ability and welfare, compare two auditory cues (Original vs. Modified; collar treatment), and examine the effects of wool (Shaved vs. Unshaved) on the efficacy of the virtual fence system. A total of 16 ewes were randomly assigned to two groups of 8, each equipped with one of the collars, and further divided based on wool treatment. Two mirrored training arenas were set up for the two groups. For two days, the collared animals had unrestricted access to graze the entire arena (VF-Off). This was followed by two days of restricted access to 2/3 of the arena using the virtual fence collars (VF-On). After the fourth day, the animals were switched to the other arena as a crossover design, and the sequence of VF-Off and VF-On was repeated. Data collected included position and cue logs from the virtual fence collars, heart rate monitors, and observation data gathered through three methods: Video Surveillance, Direct Observation Time Budget, and Pressure Marks Assessment. Our results indicate that the ewes were able to learn to avoid restricted zones effectively, relying more on auditory cues than on electrical cues. The virtual fence cueing imposed short-lived stress (acute stress), with both behavioral and physiological metrics returning to baseline levels within five minutes. Additionally, exclusively auditory cues resulted in less stress compared to cues associated with electrical stimulation. No indicators of chronic behavioral stress were observed. However, we found that the collars needed to move freely on the animals' necks to prevent pressure marks, suggesting that the ewes should be shaved around their necks before wearing the collars. While collar treatment showed no significant effects, wool treatment indicated that the shaved group was more compliant with the virtual fence system due to reduced insulation, which enhanced the effectiveness of electrical cues. During the deployment with the unshaved group, there were three instances in which the animals received an electrical cue that did not elicit the animal response, allowing for their “escape” over the virtual fence boundary. Therefore, equipping the virtual fence on shaved animals is paramount for enhancing the system's reliability. If the suggestion is followed, the system can effectively be used for sheep without compromising animal welfare.
Redaktører
Harald SolbergSammendrag
Denne boka, den 34. i rekken, inneholder som vanlig resultater fra forsøks- og utviklingsarbeid innenfor korn, olje- og belgvekster, jordbruksfrø og potet. Her finner du de store linjene, sammendrag for resultatene i ulike forsøksserier og konklusjoner fra prosjekter.
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Sammendrag
In Norway, plum fruit is sold for fresh consumption in a similar way as sweet cherry for a high price. Different treatments were tested to ensure high quality at the consumer end. The fruit is normally picked with a range in ripeness. At packaging grading the fruit in different maturity classes for intended sale in shorter (Ripe+) and longer channels (Ripe-) has been partially implemented in the industry. As a further improvement, application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) was tested on fruit of the two ripeness categories of two cultivars. After a period of cold storage and simulated shelf-life for two days at 20°C fruits were tasted by a sensory panel. Fruit quality and fungal decay were assessed both after cold storage and simulated shelf-life. It was clear that taste of less ripe fruit was associated with firmer fruit, more acidity and greener taste, and quality of riper fruit was associated with sweetness, higher colour value, softer texture and a higher taste intensity. The panel found that treated Ripe- fruit had a greener taste and flavour and were less juicy and less sweet. In general, quality analysis of less ripe plum fruit of both cultivars showed that they had higher content of acids, were firmer, and had less cover colour after storage compared to riper fruits. Also, treatment with 1-MCP impacted firmness, colour, and acidity. However, the treatment effect was different depending on cultivars and years. In 2022, the effect of 1-MCP was seen for both ripeness categories of ‘Reeves’, but only for Ripe- fruit in 2023. There was no effect of 1-MCP treatments on ‘Mallard’ in 2022, however, there was a slight effect of 1-MCP on firmness, acids and cover colour after self-life test for less ripe plum fruit in 2023. The Ripe+ fruit developed 2-10 times more fungal fruit decay than less ripe fruit. 1-MCP had no effect on development of fungal fruit decay. Preliminary conclusion was that management of fruit maturation is more effective than 1-MCP application in securing consumer end quality.
Forfattere
Jorunn Børve Theresa Weigl Emily Follett Ingunn Øvsthus H. Larsen Torbjørn Haukås E. Indergård S.F. Remberg Dalphy Ondine Camira Harteveld Arne StensvandSammendrag
Evaluating the effect of different treatments after a simulated shelf life is common in postharvest industry experiments. As fungal fruit decay development is closely linked to preharvest factors, fruit quality, and postharvest treatments two other time points were added in recent experiments. When commercial packinghouses graded the different experimental units (from 1 to 4 bins) they made three different samples; 1) all the fruit manually discarded before size grading (mostly external symptoms of fungal fruit decay and physiological disorders), 2) a 100-fruit sample of the fruit not regarded as first class by the grading machine at size grading (fruit that could be used for industry purpose, processing fruit), and 3) packed fruit for shelf life testing. As expected, differences in pathogen presence were found varying with storage time, cultivar, season, treatments, etc., but overall, some important factors could be pointed at: up to 70% of the processing fruit had damages (caused by insects, weather or mechanical damage) that could be an entry point of fungal pathogens in storage. Apple scab was found on up to 60% of that fruit and up to 12% of the graded fruit in shelf-life tests, indicating a less effective fungicide strategy in some of the commercial orchards. The additional knowledge gained by having three sample types in the experiments is discussed.