Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2006
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
During snowmelt Oslo airport has on repeated occations experienced the formation of large meltwater ponds due to impermeable ice forming below the snowcover. The airport is situated on a large glacial outwash plane with coarse sandy gravely sediments, hence the area normaly has a high infiltration capacity. Focussed infiltration can cause fast transport of contaminants to the groundwater, hence improved understanding of the processes determining where and how the focussed infiltration takes place is important. Previously the melting process has been monitored successfully on a small scale (4 m2) using a two dimensional grid of permanently installed electrodes (French and Binley, 2004). In the present work snowmelt infiltration was monitored by time-lapse measurements of electrical resistivity using grounded electrodes on 4 and 20 m2 plots and a capacitively coupled resistivity system (Ohmmapper, Geometrics) on a larger scale. While the smaller scale systems provide 3D images the capacitively coupled system was used to monitor changes in two dimensional vertical sections in a retention pond adjacent to one of the runways. The area covered by 4 lines was 170 m by 340 m. The initial data were collected late in the spring (2006) during the final stages of the snowmelt. The lines were repeated later in the year when the soil profile was dryer. The lines show good consistency in the description of the general geology of the subsurface and the time-lapse changes describe the infiltration pattern that occurred during snowmelt and subsequent drainage. The surveys provide useful information about the differences in spatial distribution of snowmelt infiltration at different scales. And there are good indications that capacitively coupled resistivity surveys can be used to describe infiltration processes at relatively large spacio-temporal scales. References French, H. and A. Binley, 2004, Snowmelt infiltration: monitoring temporal and spatial variability using time-lapse geophysics, J. Hydrology, 297, 174-186
Sammendrag
During snowmelt Oslo airport has on repeated occations experienced the formation of large meltwater ponds due to impermeable ice forming below the snowcover. The airport is situated on a large glacial outwash plane with coarse sandy gravely sediments, hence the area normaly has a high infiltration capacity. Focussed infiltration can cause fast transport of contaminants to the groundwater, hence improved understanding of the processes determining where and how the focussed infiltration takes place is important. Previously the melting process has been monitored successfully on a small scale (4 m2) using a two dimensional grid of permanently installed electrodes (French and Binley, 2004). In the present work snowmelt infiltration was monitored by time-lapse measurements of electrical resistivity using grounded electrodes on 4 and 20 m2 plots and a capacitively coupled resistivity system (Ohmmapper, Geometrics) on a larger scale. While the smaller scale systems provide 3D images the capacitively coupled system was used to monitor changes in two dimensional vertical sections in a retention pond adjacent to one of the runways. The area covered by 4 lines was 170 m by 340 m. The initial data were collected late in the spring (2006) during the final stages of the snowmelt. The lines were repeated later in the year when the soil profile was dryer. The lines show good consistency in the description of the general geology of the subsurface and the time-lapse changes describe the infiltration pattern that occurred during snowmelt and subsequent drainage. The surveys provide useful information about the differences in spatial distribution of snowmelt infiltration at different scales. And there are good indications that capacitively coupled resistivity surveys can be used to describe infiltration processes at relatively large spacio-temporal scales. References French, H. and A. Binley, 2004, Snowmelt infiltration: monitoring temporal and spatial variability using time-lapse geophysics, J. Hydrology, 297, 174-186
Sammendrag
Uncertainty is almost unavoidable in environmental impact assessment (EIA) predictions, for complex and manifold reasons. In this paper, evidence is presented that decision-makers and other stakeholders are often not made aware that such uncertainty exists. Also, they are given only limited access to information about input data and the assumptions underlying predictions. It is argued that more emphasis should be given to improving the communication of uncertainty in EIA predictions and to making the prediction processes more transparent in order to improve EIA as a decision-aiding tool. The discussion is based on a study including 22 cases.
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Usikkerhet er nesten uunngåelig i KU-prediksjoner, av mange og komplekse grunner. I denne artikkelen viser vi at beslutningstakere og andre interessenter ofte ikke blir gjort oppmerksomme på denne usikkerheten. De får også kun begrenset tilgang til informasjon om inputdata og forutsetninger som ligger til grunn for prediksjonene. Vi argumenterer for at det bør legges mer vekt på å forbedre kommunikasjon om usikkerhet i KU-prediksjoner og å gjøre prediksjonsprosessene mer gjennomsiktig. Dette kan bidra til å forbedre KU som beslutningsverktøy. Diskusjonen er basert på studier av 22 saker.
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Forfattere
Helen FrenchSammendrag
Mål Studentene skal ha kunnskaper om prinsippene i økologisk ingeniørarbeid og forstå hvordan forbindelsen mellom natur og samfunn kan utnyttes i planleggingen av desentraliserte systemer for vannforsyning, bioenergi og gjenbruk av organisk avfall og avløpsvann. Studentene skal kunne identifisere parametere som er nødvendig i planleggingen av systemer for grunnvannsforsyning, bioenergi og gjenbruk av organisk avfall og avløpsvann og bruke dette til å planlegge slike systemer. Innhold Emnet dekker grunnleggende begreper for å forstå økologisk konstruerte systemer. Nøkkelord: biogeokjemisk resirkulering, analyse av livssykluser, forvaltning av nedslagsfelt, grunnvannshydrogeologi, eksempler på moderne økoteknologi. Emnet vil også ta for seg de innbyrdes forholdene til den institusjonelle og sosiale settingen, begrensninger og potensialet ved konstruksjon av økologisk tilpassete systemer. Det er mulig å skrive en semesteroppgave innen et av temaene som gis i dette kurset. Dette vil gi et tillegg på 5 studiepoeng, se beskrivelse av THT299.