Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2007
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
available, especially in Norway. The objective of the present research was to estimate C losses from cultivated peatlands in West Norway by three independent methods: 1) long-term monitoring of subsidence rates, 2) changes in ash contents, and 3) soil CO2 flux measurements. Subsidence of cultivated peat soils averaged about 2.5 cm y-1. We estimated that peat loss and compaction were respectively responsible for 38% and 62% of the total subsidence during a 25-year period after drainage. Based on this estimate the corresponding C loss equals 0.80 kg C m-2 yr-1. The observed increase in mineral concentration of the topsoil of cultivated peat is proportional to their C loss, providing no mineral particles other than lime and fertilizers are added to the soil. Using this novel approach across 11 sites, we estimated a mean C loss of 0.86 kg C m-2 y-1. Soil CO2 flux measurements, corrected for autotrophic respiration, yielded a C loss estimate from cultivated peat soils of 0.60 kg C m-2 yr-1. The three methods yielded fairly similar estimates of C losses from Norwegian cultivated peatlands. Cultivated peatlands in Norway cover an estimated 63 000 ha. Total annual C losses from peat degradation were estimated to range between 1.8 and 2 million tons CO2 y-1, which equals about 3-4 % of total anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions from Norway.
Forfattere
Marie-France Dignac Cornelia Rumpel Daniel Rasse Mercedes Mendez-Millan Haithem Bahri André MariottiSammendrag
Little is known on the relationship between the chemical composition and the dynamics of plant biomolecules in soils at the long-term scale. Chemical recalcitrance of specific molecules such as lignins has been proposed as a possible factor governing organic matter stabilization in soils. Other stabilization mechanisms, involving soil mineral constituents, may act differently on above- and belowground tissues of plants, leading to contrasting contributions of these tissues to soil organic matter (SOM). Cutins and suberins are present respectively in the aboveground and the belowground tissues of higher plants and can be used as biomarkers of the inputs of these plant tissues to soils. Using compound specific isotopic tracer techniques applied to agricultural lands converted from C3 plant to C4 plant cropping, we followed the molecular turnover of lignins, cutins and suberins in soils, in order to assess their specific residence times, and infer the contributions of above- and belowground tissues to SOM. We showed that lignin turnover in soil is faster than that of total organic carbon. We evidenced contrasting behaviour of lignin as well as cutin/suberin monomers on a molecular basis which may be related to their chemical nature, their position into the polymeric structure and to the plant tissue in which they are present. Therefore, we suggest that compound specific isotope measurements in combination with longterm field trials could lead is understanding of soil carbon stocks and fluxes on a molecular level.
Forfattere
Bjørn Molteberg Trygve S. Aamlid Gudni Thorvaldsson Anders Hammarlund Frank Enger Tatsiana Espevig Åge Susort Daniel NordSammendrag
En testing av sorter til bruk på skandinavisk golfgreener startet opp som et nytt prosjekt i 2007. Fire forsøk ble etablert på USGA greeener ved Östra Ljungby Naturgymnasium, Sverige, Bioforsk Landvik and Bioforsk Apelsvoll, Norge og ved en golfbane i Keldnaholt, Island. Totalt 42 sorter innen rødsvingel, engkvein, hundekvein og krypkvein, flerårig raigras og markrapp er med i prosjektet. Sådato for Apelsvoll, Landvik, Keldnaholt og Östra Ljungby var henholdsvis 26. juni, 11, juli, 17. august og 6. september. Feltene har i såingsåret blitt klippet ned til 6 mm i rødsvingel, raigras og rapp og 4 mm i kvein. Mange sorter, spesielt innen raigras og markrapp, men også av kvein og rødsvingel viser lovende resultater. Greenåra 2008, 2009 og 2010 vil fortelle mer om disse sortene.
Forfattere
Eva Skarbøvik Per Stålnacke Øyvind Kaste John Rune Selvik Stig Borgvang Torulv Tjomsland Tore Høgåsen Stein BeldringSammendrag
Rapporten presenterer resultatene av overvåkingsprogrammet "Elvetilførsler" eller RID, for 2006.
Sammendrag
Artikkelen viser resultater fra veksthusforsøk med ulike typer flytende gjødsel til simulerte krypkveingreener med USGA-profil. Det ble gjennomført to forsøk, ett i inngroingsfasen og ett med vedlikeholdsgjødsling av etablert green. Total nitrogentilførsel var den samme uavhengig av gjdseltype. Det nye flytende gjødselproduktet "Sea Power", basert på lakseprotein, viste lovende resultater, spesielt til green i inngroingsfasen, men må kombineres med annen gjødselkilde, for eksempel Superba" Gul, for å kompensere for et relativt høyt innhold av natrium og for å gi nok kalium og mikronæringsstoffer. Av de flytende gjødselproduktene som ble sammenlikna til etablert green, gav Plant Marvel best helhetsinntrykk og størst tilvekst. Innslaget av mose i "greenene" var mindre etter gjødsling med Arena® Crystal eller Plant Marvel enn ved gjødsling med Bio Golf eller Sea Power. CalciNit" + Superba" Gul og Flex" kom i en mellomstilling.
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Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
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Simple risk assessment tools for agricultural phosphorus (P) losses, like the P index, have been developed in the U.S.A. and in some European countries. Despite its popularity, there have been surprisingly few studies, which try to test the index close to the field scale. For Norway, the P index approach comprises the risk related to both the source of P (soil P status, amount of fertilizer and manure as well as method of application, plant P release by freezing and P balance) and the risk related to transport of P (erosion, flooding, surface runoff, contributing distance, modified connectivity, soil profile, subsurface drainage). In this paper, we have applied the Norwegian P index to farmer fields within a small agricultural catchment, the Skuterud catchment (450 ha), in southeastern Norway. The Norwegian P index was tested for two agricultural fields (0.3 to 0.4 ha) and nine subcatchments (6 to 65 ha). Total P concentrations in runoff from the eleven study areas were measured during the year from May 2001 to April 2002. Results from the testing showed that the Norwegian P index described 66% of the variation in measured relative total P concentration for fields and subcatchments included in this study. Additionally, the P index was able to detect fields and subcatchments with the highest measured P concentrations. Results also showed that the source factor contributed most to the variation between fields and hence were important for the identification of high-risk areas in Skuterud catchment. It was found that the soil P status described 66% of the variation in the source factor. Among the transport variables, it was found that both erosion risk and contributing distance had an important influence on the transport factor. Overall, the study illustrated the potential of the P index to detect areas with the highest risk of P loss.
Sammendrag
Rapporten inneholder teoretisk pensum, PDF kopier av forelesninger og feltoppgaver som gjennomgås i kurset Miljøprøvetaking som holdes i Ås 8. og 9. oktober 2007.