Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Forfattere
Trond MæhlumSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Trond MæhlumSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Lillian ØygardenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Goswin Heckrath Marianne Bechmann Petri Ekholm Barbro Ulen Faruk Djodjic Hans Estrup AndersenSammendrag
Compliance with the Water Framework Directive (WFD) will require substantial reductions in agricultural phosphorus (P) losses in the Nordic countries Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland. Falling P surpluses in agriculture for more than a decade and voluntary programmes of good agricultural practice have not reduced P losses to surface waters, while general regulatory measures have primarily focused on nitrogen. Without addressing the role of critical source areas for P loss, policy measures to abate diffuse P losses are likely to be ineffective. This has created a demand by environmental authorities for instruments that assess the risk of P losses from agricultural land and facilitate the planning of mitigation measures. In Nordic countries index-type risk assessment tools for diffuse P losses are under development inspired by experiences with P indexing in the USA. A common feature is that they are empirical, risk-based, user-friendly decision tools with low data requirements. Phosphorus indices vary between the four Nordic countries in response to different agriculture, soil and climate. These differences also result in different recent average annual agricultural P load estimates to the sea of 0.3, 0.5, 0.5 and 1.1 kg total P ha1 in Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland, respectively. In initial evaluations, Nordic P indices explained a large degree of variance in P losses at the field or catchment scale, but comparative data are still limited. To gain acceptance amongst stakeholders and inform river basin management planning in Nordic catchments as part of the WFD, it is crucial to more thoroughly evaluate the performance of these indices" at the field and catchment scale.
Forfattere
Trond MæhlumSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ove BergersenSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Rapporten gir en oversikt over salinitet fordelt på områder og dyp i den svenske del av Østersjøen, med en påfølgende vurdering av potensialet for produksjon av saltkraft i regionen. Arbeidet ble utført på oppdrag fra Statkraft Development. For ytterligere informasjon, kontakt Statkraft Development (www.statkraft.no).
Forfattere
Trond MæhlumSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Oil transport from the Russian Arctic. Is the Barents Sea environment at risk? The volumes of oil being transported by sea from the Russian Arctic along the coast of Northern Norway were insignificant before 2002. In 2006, however, a total of 10 million tons of Russian export oil and oil products were shipped from Russia, on ships that sailed along the coast of Norway. The annual oil exports from the Russian Arctic regions via this Northern route may reach a total of about 50-80 million tons in the next decade. About 50 million tons of crude oil and oil products are estimated to be delivered by railway to the Murmansk ports in the Barents Sea, and to Kandalaksha and Arkhangelsk in the White Sea. Furthermore, up to 20 million tons of oil will be produced in the northern oil fields in the Nenets Autonomous Region and in the Pechora Sea. The terminals in the Kara Sea, can load 2-3 million tons of crude a year. The Barents Sea is one of the most productive oceans worldwide. Few other places on our planet give home to the same amount of breeding seabirds. Here, more than 20 million seabirds from 40 species breed in 1.600 colonies every year. Many of the seabird populations are of mixed Russian-Norwegian origin. In case of an oil spill, the actual amount of oil spilled is not necessarily decisive for the effects on sea bird colonies. The Stylis had a relatively small spill " but 45.000 seabirds were killed. The estimated mortality of the accident was, however, 200.000-300.000 birds. The Amoco Cadiz spilled 223.000 tons of crude oil, but killed 5.000 seabirds. Methods for evaluation of effects on and treatment of birds that have been involved in an oil spill do exist. After the Prestige accident outside Spain, 23.428 seabirds were collected. 5.776 survived. About 1.000 seabirds were released back to nature at a cost of approximately NOK 23.000 (USD 4.100 or EUR 3.000) per bird. The increased development of offshore petroleum fields and increasing sea transport of hydrocarbon products are bound to have a negative effect on the environment. Oil and gas industry developments in the Barents Sea, fisheries, pollution and climate change are the most important treats to the environment in our time. When carrying out impact assessments of activities connected to petroleum activities in this area, one of these factors cannot be evaluated separately, without taking all the other risks into account.