Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Forfattere
Xiaoge Fan Xiang Cao Min Zhang Jianwu Jiang Caihua Li Ou Fang Wenbing Wang Jin Zhang Nicholas Clarke Wenbo Liu Shengdao ShanSammendrag
Although biochar application is regarded as a promising agronomic strategy to enhance soil functions, research employing quantitative techniques to evaluate its influence on microbial functional genes specifically in paddy soils is still scarce. The objective of this study was to quantify the abundance of microbial functional genes associated with carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) cycling over a 2-year paddy field experiment after biochar application, employing a quantitative metagenomic sequencing with the spike-in method. An increase in rice yield of 7.0% and 12.5% relative to the control was observed following biochar amendment over the 2 study years. The majority of soil microbial functional genes related to C, N, P, and S cycling exhibited higher abundances in soils amended with biochar. Notably, genes associated with the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle, and denitrification increased by 18.5%–197.4%, 25.9%–116.0%, and 5.1%–405.3% over 2 years. Gene responsible for P regulators increased approximately 10.5%–109.6%, while the assimilatory sulfate reduction process exhibited an increase of 12.7%–246.0%. Random forest highlighted key biogeochemical processes (e.g., C degradation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and dissimilatory N reduction) as potential contributors to improving rice yields. Biochar amendment led to the formation of a more complex gene co-occurrence network, as exposed by network analysis. Collectively, these findings underscore that biochar application may consequently enhance microbial functional capacity in paddy soils, fostering improved agroecosystem functions.
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Environmental observation networks, such as AmeriFlux, are foundational for monitoring ecosystem response to climate change, management practices, and natural disturbances; however, their effectiveness depends on their representativeness for the regions or continents. We proposed an empirical, time series approach to quantify the similarity of ecosystem fluxes across AmeriFlux sites. We extracted the diel and seasonal characteristics (i.e., amplitudes, phases) from carbon dioxide, water vapor, energy, and momentum fluxes, which reflect the effects of climate, plant phenology, and ecophysiology on the observations, and explored the potential aggregations of AmeriFlux sites through hierarchical clustering. While net radiation and temperature showed latitudinal clustering as expected, flux variables revealed a more uneven clustering with many small (number of sites < 5), unique groups and a few large (> 100) to intermediate (15–70) groups, highlighting the significant ecological regulations of ecosystem fluxes. Many identified unique groups were from under-sampled ecoregions and biome types of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), with distinct flux dynamics compared to the rest of the network. At the finer spatial scale, local topography, disturbance, management, edaphic, and hydrological regimes further enlarge the difference in flux dynamics within the groups. Nonetheless, our clustering approach is a data-driven method to interpret the AmeriFlux network, informing future cross-site syntheses, upscaling, and model-data benchmarking research. Finally, we highlighted the unique and underrepresented sites in the AmeriFlux network, which were found mainly in Hawaii and Latin America, mountains, and at under- sampled IGBP types (e.g., urban, open water), motivating the incorporation of new/unregistered sites from these groups.
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Forfattere
Sigrun Hjalmarsdottir KværnøSammendrag
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