Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
Sammendrag
Here, we present, for the first time, the Ion TorrentⓇ next-generation sequencing (NGS) data for five houndsharks (Chondrichthyes: Triakidae), which include Galeorhinus galeus (number of bases pairs (bp) 17,487; GenBank accession number ON652874), Mustelus asterias (16,708; ON652873), Mustelus mosis (16,755; ON075077), Mustelus palumbes (16,708; ON075076), and Triakis megalopterus (16,746; ON075075). All assembled mitogenomes encode 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal (r)RNA genes, and 22 transfer (t)RNA genes (tRNALeu and tRNASer are duplicated), except for G. galeus which contains 23 tRNA genes where tRNAThr is duplicated. The data presented in this paper can assist other researchers in further elucidating the diversification of triakid species and the phylogenetic relationships within Carcharhiniformes (groundsharks) as mitogenomes accumulate in public repositories.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
In this study, the influence of riverbed silting on the groundwater regime in a lowland area was investigated. The study area is situated at the Rye Island (Žitný Ostrov) in Slovakia, along the Gabčíkovo – Topoľníky canal, which is part of the drainage-irrigation canal system constructed in this locality. The Rye Island is an area with very low slope (0.25 10–4) and good climatic conditions for aquatic vegetation, therefore the canals are influenced by intensive silting processes. The spatial and temporal patterns of surface water – groundwater exchange are significantly influenced by the thickness of riverbed sediments and their permeability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the thickness and hydraulic conductivity of bed sediments in the Gabčíkovo – Topoľníky canal and to examine their influence on the groundwater – surface water interaction in the area. The hydraulic conductivity of the sediments was assessed from undisturbed samples by the falling head method. The obtained data were used for numerical simulations of groundwater heads by the TRIWACO model for different drainage and infiltration resistance conditions in the area of interest. The results of this study can support the planning of canal maintenance.
Sammendrag
The objectives of the study was to 1) investigate soil-plant-water interactions based on field measurements of plant reflectance and soil water content (SWC) in different inter-row managed vineyards, and 2) modeling changes in the SWC due to differences in soil physical parameters among slope positions and management methods. The study explored the impact of three different soil management practices on grapevine growth and soil health in vineyards: tilled (T), cover crops (CC), and perennial grass (NT) inter-rows. Data was collected for 2022 and 2023. At each study slopes, we had two measurement points along a slope section. To continuously monitor soil water and temperature conditions, sensors were strategically positioned at two depths of 15 cm and 40 cm below the soil surface along the slopes, both at the upper and lower points of the vineyard, while topsoil SWC was measured bi-weekly. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) sensors were used to measure leaf reflectance, while handheld instruments were used to measure additional NDVI and leaf Chlorophyll contents (SPAD). For the hydrological modeling we used SWAP (Soil-Water-Atmosphere-Plant), where the rswap R-package was used for calibration (2020 15 and 40cm data), validation (2021 15 and 40cm data), and statistical evaluation. In 2022, all three slopes showed a significantly higher SWC content for the higher points compared to the lower, while in 2023 the grassed slope upper point showed higher SWC (0.18 vs 0.15%). The highest NDVI values were measured for the cover cropped vineyard site (0.68). However, we found no significant differences among NDVI values based on inter-row management or slope position, only the grassed inter-row vineyard had differences in the NDVI values at the lower and upper points (p=0.034). The highest leaf chlorophyll contents were measured for the cover cropped vineyard site (305). Most of the leaf Chlorophyll values were not significantly different among slope positions. Using the SWAP model, data from the cover cropped inter-row vineyard was used for calibration and validation. We found good model fitting (NSE > 0.52; d_daily > 0.81). Reduced-tillage (RT) and drought tolerant plant (DTP) management scenarios were run to simulate SWC changes over time. Preliminary data shows that DTP significantly reduced, while RT did not significantly affect our site’s SWC.
Forfattere
Simon WeldonSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Brigitta Szabó Piroska Kassai Svajunas Plunge Attila Nemes Péter Braun Michael Strauch Felix Witing János Mészáros Natalja ČerkasovaSammendrag
To effectively guide agricultural management planning strategies and policy, it is important to simulate water quantity and quality patterns and to quantify the impact of land use and climate change on soil functions, soil health, and hydrological and other underlying processes. Environmental models that depict alterations in surface and groundwater quality and quantity at the catchment scale require substantial input, particularly concerning movement and retention in the unsaturated zone. Over the past few decades, numerous soil information sources, containing structured data on diverse basic and advanced soil parameters, alongside innovative solutions to estimate missing soil data, have become increasingly available. This study aims to (i) catalogue open-source soil datasets and pedotransfer functions (PTFs) applicable in simulation studies across European catchments; (ii) evaluate the performance of selected PTFs; and (iii) present compiled R scripts proposing estimation solutions to address soil physical, hydraulic, and chemical data needs and gaps in catchment-scale environmental modelling in Europe. Our focus encompassed basic soil properties, bulk density, porosity, albedo, soil erodibility factor, field capacity, wilting point, available water capacity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and phosphorus content. We aim to recommend widely supported data sources and pioneering prediction methods that maintain physical consistency and present them through streamlined workflows.
Sammendrag
Precompression stress, compression index, and swelling index are used for characterizing the compressive behavior of soils, and are essential soil properties for establishing decision support tools to reduce the risk of soil compaction. Because measurements are time-consuming, soil compressive properties are often derived through pedotransfer functions. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive database of soil compressive properties with additional information on basic soil properties, site characteristics, and methodological aspects sourced from peer-reviewed literature, and to develop random forest models for predicting precompression stress using various subsets of the database. Our analysis illustrates that soil compressive properties data primarily originate from a limited number of countries. There is a predominance of precompression stress data, while little data on compression index or recompression index are available. Most precompression stress data were derived from the topsoils of conventionally tilled arable fields, which is not compatible with knowledge that subsoil compaction is a serious problem. The data compilation unveiled considerable variations in soil compression test procedures and methods for calculating precompression stress across different studies, and a concentration of data at soil moisture conditions at or above field capacity. The random forest models exhibited unsatisfactory predictive performance although they performed better than previously developed models. Models showed slight improvement in predictive power when the underlying data were restricted to a specific precompression stress calculation method. Although our database offers broader coverage of precompression stress data than previous studies, the lack of standardization in methodological procedures complicates the development of predictive models based on combined datasets. Methodological standardization and/or functions to translate results between methodologies are needed to ensure consistency and enable data comparison, to develop robust models for precompression stress predictions. Moreover, data across a wider range of soil moisture conditions are needed to characterize soil mechanical properties as a function of soil moisture, similar to soil hydraulic functions, and to develop models to predict the parameters of such soil mechanical functions.
Forfattere
Tobias Karl David Weber Lutz Weihermüller Attila Nemes Michel Bechtold Aurore Degré Efstathios Diamantopoulos Simone Fatichi Vilim Filipović Surya Gupta Tobias L. Hohenbrink Daniel R. Hirmas Conrad Jackisch Quirijn de Jong van Lier John Koestel Peter Lehmann Toby R. Marthews Budiman Minasny Holger Pagel Martine van der Ploeg Shahab Aldin Shojaeezadeh Simon Fiil Svane Brigitta Szabó Harry Vereecken Anne Verhoef Michael Young Yijian Zeng Yonggen Zhang Sara BonettiSammendrag
Hydro-pedotransfer functions (PTFs) relate easy-to-measure and readily available soil information to soil hydraulic properties (SHPs) for applications in a wide range of process-based and empirical models, thereby enabling the assessment of soil hydraulic effects on hydrological, biogeochemical, and ecological processes. At least more than 4 decades of research have been invested to derive such relationships. However, while models, methods, data storage capacity, and computational efficiency have advanced, there are fundamental concerns related to the scope and adequacy of current PTFs, particularly when applied to parameterise models used at the field scale and beyond. Most of the PTF development process has focused on refining and advancing the regression methods, while fundamental aspects have remained largely unconsidered. Most soil systems are not represented in PTFs, which have been built mostly for agricultural soils in temperate climates. Thus, existing PTFs largely ignore how parent material, vegetation, land use, and climate affect processes that shape SHPs. The PTFs used to parameterise the Richards–Richardson equation are mostly limited to predicting parameters of the van Genuchten–Mualem soil hydraulic functions, despite sufficient evidence demonstrating their shortcomings. Another fundamental issue relates to the diverging scales of derivation and application, whereby PTFs are derived based on laboratory measurements while often being applied at the field to regional scales. Scaling, modulation, and constraining strategies exist to alleviate some of these shortcomings in the mismatch between scales. These aspects are addressed here in a joint effort by the members of the International Soil Modelling Consortium (ISMC) Pedotransfer Functions Working Group with the aim of systematising PTF research and providing a roadmap guiding both PTF development and use. We close with a 10-point catalogue for funders and researchers to guide review processes and research.
Forfattere
Thomas Pabst Attila Nemes Andreas Olaus Harstad Ann-Cathrin Stridal Marie Wagner Gudny OkkenhaugSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
The evolution of soil structure in agricultural soils is driven by natural and anthropogenic factors including inherent soil properties, climate and soil management interventions, all acting at different spatial and temporal scales. Although the causal relationships between soil structure and these individual factors are increasingly understood, their relative importance and complex interactive effects on soil structure have so far not been investigated across a geo-climatic region. Here we present the first attempt to identify the relative importance of factors that drive the evolution of soil structure in agricultural soils as well as their direction of effect with a focus on the temperate-boreal zone. This was done using a random forest (RF) approach including soil, climate, time, and site factors as covariates. Relative entropy, as quantified by the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence, was used as a quantitative index of soil structure, which is derived from the particle-size distribution and soil water retention data, and integrates the effects of soil structure on pores from the micrometre-scale to large macropores. Our dataset includes 431 intact topsoil and subsoil samples from 89 agricultural sites across Sweden and Norway, which were sampled between 1953 and 2017. The relative importance of covariates for the evolution of soil structure was identified and their non-linear and non-monotonic effects on the KL divergence were investigated through partial dependence analysis. To reveal any differences between topsoils (0–30 cm; n = 174) and subsoils (30–100 cm; n = 257), the same analysis was repeated separately on these two subsets. The covariates were able to explain on average more than 50% of the variation in KL divergence for all soil samples and when only subsoil samples were included. However, the predictions were poorer for topsoil samples (≈ 35%), underlining the complex dynamics of soil structure in agricultural topsoils. Parent material was the most important predictor for the KL divergence, followed by clay content for all soil samples and sampling year for only subsoil samples. Mean annual air temperature ranked third and annual precipitation ranked fourth for subsoil samples. However, it remains unclear whether the effects of climate factors are direct (e.g., freezing and thawing, wetting and drying, rainfall impact) or indirectly expressed through interactions with soil management. The partial dependence analysis revealed a soil organic carbon threshold of around 3% below which soil structure starts to deteriorate. Besides this, our results suggest that subsoil structure in the agricultural land of Sweden deteriorated steadily during the 1950′s to 1970′s, which we attribute to traffic compaction as a consequence of agricultural intensification. We discuss our findings in the light of data bias, laboratory methods and multicollinearity and conclude that the approach followed here gave valuable insights into the drivers of soil structure evolution in agricultural soils of the temperate-boreal zone. Theses insights will be of use to inform soil management interventions that address soil structure or soil properties and functions related to it.