Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Sammendrag
Storsjøens nedbørfelt er 799 km2 og arealet er skogdominert (75%). Landbruksdriften er dominert av kornproduksjon og noe potetdyrking på totalt 36 856 daa dyrket mark på hovedsakelig sandig silt. Industrivirksomheten er begrenset, og har liten betydning for vannkvaliteten. Det bor vel 7900 mennesker i nedbørfeltet med tyngdepunkt på Sand og Mo. Innsjøen er rekreasjonsområde med hytter og båtliv. Storsjøens nedbørfeltet er dominert av harde bergarter med flekker av gabbro som gir rikere vegetasjon. Nedbørfeltet er dekket av et tynt morenedekke, men med dypere, delvis marine avsetninger rundt Storsjøen. Tidligere vannkvalitetsundersøkelser (fra 2003, 1991, 1987 og 1983 ) er vurderingsgrunnlaget for vannkvalitet. I forbindelse med innføring av ny vannforskrift er det satt miljømål for Storsjøe; ”God økologisk tilstand” innen 2021. Samlet tilstand for Storsjøen er satt til ”Moderat”, basert på parametere for økologi og kjemi. Pålitelighetsgrad for vurderingen er satt til ”Middels” med årsaker som landbruk, spredt avløp, utslipp fra renseanlegg, krepsepest, fritidsaktivitet. Kalkingsaktivitet har holdt sjøen på et naturlig pH nivå og Storsjøen ansees å være stabil med et visst kalkingsbehov. Fosfornivået har sunket de siste 40 årene og tilstanden mhp. begroing er god. Iindikasjoner på fortsatt behov for på fosforreduksjon. Siktedybden har sunket jevnt i perioden 1982-2003 (5,7m-4,3m) pga. økt humusinnhold. Algeartssammensetningen er stabil. Det kan i perioder være noe høye bakterietall. Det er gitt anbefaling for videre overvåking. Fosforresponsmodellering gir et estimat på !5 tonn tilført P pr år. Bakgrunnsavrenningen er estimert til ! 4 tonn P/år med atmosfærisk deposisjon på 650 kg P/år. Fra spredt avløp er bidraget beregnet til !1150 kg P/år. Fra renseanleggene kommer 83 kilo P/år. Landbrukets bidrag er da modellert til 1400 kg/år. Totalt gir dette ! 7,1 tonn P/år. Avviket er antatt å skyldes fortynningseffekter fra Glomma. Kulturminner knyttet til Storsjøen er presentert i tekst og på kart, og bl.a. historien om sjømalmen er presentert. Naturområder med stor verdi for det biologiske mangfold er presentert i tekst og kart. Det mest kjente er Seimsjøen naturreservat som bl.a. er en viktig trekklokalitet for fugl. Artslister for fugl er presentert. Det er blitt utført supplerende registreringer av naturtyper, og det er foreslått kriterier for vurdering av kantsoner. Det er registrert 18 fiskearter i innsjøen. En fiskeundersøkelse er gjennomført. Det ble i alt fanget ni fiskearter hvor abbor, mort, sik, krøkle og laue, var de vanligste artene. Lengdefordelingene viste at en har sunn bestandsstruktur, men hvor sikbestanden er småfallen. En indeks for måling av eutrofieringsgraden antyder en tot-P konsentrasjon på over 20 "g/l. Dette tallet er forholdsvis usikkert. Ekkoloddundersøkelsen viste høyest tetthet av fisk i nordre basseng (147 kg/ha), midtre (15kg/ha) og søndre basseng (48 kg/ha). Gjennomsnitt estimert til 78 kg/ha, (335 tonn for hele Storsjøen). Fisketettheten indikerer en konsentrasjonen av tot-P ! 17 "g/l. Fiskefangstene fra prøvefiske samt ekkoloddregistreringene peker i retning at Storsjøen er mer eutrofiert enn målinger tilbake i 2003 skulle tilsi. Strandsoneinngrep er presentert som vedlegg.
Forfattere
Håkon BorchSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Håkon BorchSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Plant responses to elevated CO2 are governed by temperature, and at low temperatures the beneficial effects of CO2 may be lost. To document the responses of winter cereals grown under cold conditions at northern latitudes, autumn growth of winter wheat exposed to ambient and elevated levels of temperature (+2.5°C), CO2 (+150 µmol mol-1), and shade (-30%) was studied in open-top chambers under low light and at low temperatures. Throughout the experiment, temperature dominated plant responses, while the effects of CO2 were marginal, except for a positive effect on root biomass. Increased temperature resulted in increased leaf area, total biomass, total root biomass, total stem biomass, and number of tillers, but also a lower content of total sugars and a weaker tolerance to frost. The loss of frost tolerance was related to the larger size of plants grown at elevated temperature. The 30% light reduction under shading did not affect the growth, sugar content, or frost tolerance of winter wheat. At the low temperatures found at high latitudes during autumn, the atmospheric CO2 increase is unlikely to enhance autumn growth of winter wheat to any significant extent, while a temperature increase may have important and major effects on its development and growth.
Sammendrag
Semi-natural grasslands and their species and populations are declining rapidly throughout Europe, bringing about a need for successful vegetation recreation methods. To maintain biodiversity and ecological services of semi-natural grasslands, we need more knowledge on the relative performance of different recreation methods. In a replicated experiment in western Norway, we evaluated two hay transfer methods (hard or light raking of local hay), sowing of local seeds and natural regeneration for recreating semi-natural grassland in a road verge. We compared treated trial plots with their respective donor plots (where hay and seeds were harvested) for three successive years by evaluating vegetation cover, species richness and species transfer rates, and vegetation dynamics analysed by Bray-Curtis compositional dissimilarity (BC) and GNMDS (Global Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling) ordination. Vegetation cover at the trial site exceeded that of donor sites in three years. Transfer rates of common species were high for seed sowing and both hay transfer procedures. Species composition in trial plots for all three treatments became significantly more similar to donor plots, but was still relatively dissimilar after three years. Natural regeneration showed a different temporal pattern and also had a higher successional rate. The species composition of the other treatments followed the same trajectory toward the donor sites as revealed by GNMDS. We found relatively small differences between the two hay transfer methods and seed sowing. Transfer of local hay therefore appears to be a successful method of establishing local species when recreating semi-natural grasslands, and is generally cheaper than using commercial local seed mixtures.
Sammendrag
Seminatural grasslands and their species and populations are declining rapidly throughout Europe, bringing about a need for successful vegetation recreation methods. To maintain biodiversity and ecological services of seminatural grasslands, we need more nowledge on the relative performance of different recreation methods. In a replicated experiment in western Norway, we evaluated two hay transfer methods (hard or light raking of local hay), sowing of local seeds and natural regeneration for recreating seminatural grassland in a road verge. We compared treated trial plots with their respective donor plots (where hay and seeds were harvested) for three successive years by evaluating vegetation cover, species richness and species transfer rates, and vegetation dynamics analysed by Bray–Curtis compositional dissimilarity (BC) and GNMDS (Global NonMetric Multidimensional Scaling) ordination. Vegetation cover at the trial site exceeded that of donor sites in three years. Transfer rates of common species were high for seed sowing and both hay transfer procedures. Species composition in trial plots for all three treatments became significantly more similar to donor plots, but was still relatively dissimilar after three years. Natural regeneration showed a different temporal pattern and also had a higher successional rate. The species composition of the other treatments followed the same trajectory toward the donor sites as revealed by GNMDS. We found relatively small differences between the two hay transfer methods and seed sowing. Transfer of local hay therefore appears to be a successful method of establishing local species when recreating seminatural grasslands, and is generally cheaper than using commercial local seed mixtures.
Sammendrag
Several places in Sogn og Fjordane county, W Norway, old pollarded trees of elm Ulmus glabra stand out as characteristic elements in the cultural landscape. These pollarded trees, which serve as habitats for many groups of organisms and are important key species in the cultural landscape, are threatened due to changes in farming management during the last century. In order to obtain more knowledge about the bryophyte flora on older elm pollards in Sogn og Fjordane county we examined two trees from each of four locations along an east-west gradient, from a strong oceanic climate in coastal areas towards slightly continental conditions further inland. Epiphytic bryophytes were recorded in three different height zones (basal, middle, and top) on the north, east, south and west sides of the trees. We looked for differences in species number (i) between the four locations, (ii) between three height zones (basal, middle and top) of the stems, and (iii) between different expositions (N, S, E and W) of the stems. We found 31 bryophyte species on the eight examined trees. No relation between geographic position and species number was found. There were significantly more species in the basal zones than in the middle zones, while there were no significant differences between the middle zones and top zones, or between the basal zones and top zones. The species number on the northern side exposition was significantly higher than on the eastern and southern sides of the stem.
Sammendrag
This study focused on a suite of vascular plant species (six herbs and two grasses) common to traditionally managed, species-rich grasslands in Western Norway. We assessed the suitability of two species transfer methods (seed sowing and soil seed bank) for restoration of species-rich grassland on a newly established road verge. We compared the species\" frequencies one and three years after they were sown on a naked, newly created road verge with their frequencies in aboveground vegetation and soil seed banks of comparable, local grasslands. Species frequencies in the aboveground vegetation differed significantly from those in the seed banks. Moreover, the frequencies in the seed banks differed from those recorded one year after sowing, and the frequencies in the aboveground vegetation differed from those recorded three years after sowing. Avenula pubescens and Knautia arvensis, found in more than 25% of the aboveground grassland plots, did not germinate from any of the seed bank samples. Festuca rubra, Galium verum, Pimpinella saxifraga and Silene vulgaris were more frequent in the aboveground plots than in the seed bank samples. Pimpinella saxifraga, Galium verum and Lychnis viscaria emerged quite well both from sown seeds and from the seed bank. Avenula pubescens was frequent in the aboveground vegetation, but did not germinate from sown seeds. Six species established well from seeds, and most increased in frequency in the sown plots from the first to the third year. No species was found in the sown plots only, but three years after sowing, three species were more frequent in the sown plots than in the aboveground vegetation of donor grassland plots. Our fine-scale, point-to-point study demonstrates that different restoration methods produce widely differing species composition even when the donor material is identical. We propose that different substrates and a combination of establishment methods (sowing and hay transfer) are needed as supplements to seed banks to re-establish species-rich grassland.
Sammendrag
Vegetasjonsovervåkingen i granskog ble etablert ved Norsk institutt for jord- og skogkartlegging (fra 2006: Norsk institutt for skog og landskap) i 1988. Samme år ble det også etablert tilsvarende overvåking i Solhomfjell-området (Gjerstad, Aust-Agder) i regi av Universitetet i Oslo/Miljøverndepartementet. I regi av Norsk institutt for jord- og skogkartlegging ble det etablert og analysert to områder pr år fra 1988 til 1992, til sammen 10 områder. Prøveflatene i Gutulia ble første gang analysert i 1989. Etter 2004 har Direktoratet for naturforvaltning finansiert vegetasjonsovervåkingen i granskog gjennom TOV-programmet, men i noe redusert omfang. Metodene for overvåkingen av markvegetasjon ble i 1988 utviklet for å overvåke effekter av langtransportert luftforurensing, men har også vist seg godt egnet til å fange opp effekter av klimaendringer på markvegetasjonen. De permanente vegetasjonsflatene i Gutulia har tidligere vært analysert i 1989, 1994, 1999, og 2004 (femårig omløpstid). Reanalyseringen i 2009 var således 5. gangs analyse av disse prøveflatene....
Sammendrag
The primary objective of this research was to make a first evaluation of Hydrolysed Salmon Protein (HSP 15-1-2), a by-product from Norwegian fishing industry, as liquid fertilizer for turfgrass grow-in and maintenance. HSP 15-1-2 was compared, either alone or in combination with Superba Gul 4-4-20, with four other liquid fertilizers / combinations: (1) Calcinit (Ca NO3)2) + Superba Gul 4-4-20; (2) Arena Crystal 19-2-15, (3) Flex 10-0-8 and (4) Plant Marvel 28-8-18 / 15-0-15. The fertilizers were compared in two greenhouse experiments growing Agrostis stolonifera on columns filled with 30 cm USGA-spec. sand above gravel. In expt. 1 the products were compared at two irrigation levels (1 x ET and 2x ET) during turfgrass grow-in; in Expt. 2 as maintenance fertilizer to established turf at weekly rates of 0.05 and 0.1 kg N/100m2. HSP resulted in better turfgrass quality when applied together with Superba Gul than when given as the only fertilizer. Plant Marvel produced the best turfgrass quality in the maintenance experiment.